Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Survey Final Ch. 20-22 > 20 - The Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

20 - The Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q
  • Suspended by stalk from hypothalamus at base of brain
  • prolactin secretion controlled by prolactin inhibitory factor
  • thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates release of prolactin and thyroid hormones
A

Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Growth hormone
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
LH
A

Anterior Pituitary Lobe Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid - stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ADH

Oxytocin

A

Posterior Pituitary Lobe hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone - causes more concentrated urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stimulates uterine contractions and milk production

A

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • deficiency of growth hormone

- causes retarded growth and development

A

pituitary dwarfism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diabetes insipidus

A
  • failure of posterior lobe to secrete ADH or failure of kidney to respond to ADH
  • unable to absorb water
  • causes excretion of large amounts of diluted urine
  • may be caused by a pituitary tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

growth hormone overproduction

A
  • caused by pituitary adenoma
  • causes gigantism in children
  • causes acromegaly in adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prolactin overproduction

A
  • result from small pituitary adenoma

- causes amenorrhea and galactorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

galactorrhea

A

secretion of milk by breast not associated with pregnancy or normal lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tumor that produces hormones that cause clinical manifestations

A

functional tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tumor that does not produce hormones but exerts other effects

A

nonfunctional tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • controls rate of metabolic processes

- required for normal growth and development

A

actions of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • rapid pulse
  • increased metabolism
  • hyperactive reflexes
  • emotional lability
  • GI effect: diarrhea
  • warm, moist skin
A

Hyperthyroidism

20
Q

-slow pulse
-decreased metabolism
-sluggish reflexes
-placid and phlegmatic
GI effect: constipation
-cold, dry skin

A

hypothyroidism

21
Q 
-thyroid gland enlarges to increases hormone secretion
Causes:
-inadequate hormone output 
-iodine deficiency 
-enzyme deficiency 
-inefficient enzyme function
-increased hormone requirements
Treatment: administer thyroid hormone; may need surgical removal
A

Nontoxic Goiter

22
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

-toxic goiter or graves disease
-caused by antithyroid antibody that stimulates gland
-mimics effects of TSH but not subject to normal control mechanisms
Treatment:
-antithyroid drugs, thyroidectomy, large doses of radioactive iodine

23
Q

hypothyroidism in adults

A
  • myxedema
  • causes metabolic slowing
  • treatment: administration of thyroid hormone
24
Q

hypothyroidism in an infant

A
  • cretinism
  • causes impaired growth and CNS development
  • causes hypometabolism
  • early diagnosis and treatment required for normal development
25
Q
  • auntoantibody destroys thyroid tissue
  • results in hypothyroidism
  • an immunologic reaction, not infection
  • cellular infiltration from an immunologic reaction between antigen and antibody
A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis (or Chronic Thyroiditis)

26
Q

Parathyroid glands actions

A

regulates calcium level

-blood calcium level is in equilibrium with calcium in the bone

27
Q

low calcium in the blood causes…

A

tetany, increased neuromuscular excitability causing spasm of skeletal muscle

28
Q

high calcium in blood causes…

A

lowered neuromuscular excitability

29
Q

-usually from a hormone-secreting parathyroid adenoma

A

hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

effects of hyperparathyroidism

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • renal calculi
  • calcium deposits in tissues
  • decalcification of bone from excessive calcium withdrawn from bone
31
Q

-usually from accidental removal of parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery

A

hypoparathyroidism

32
Q

effects of hypoparathyroidism

A
  • hypocalcemia

- leads to neuromuscular excitability and tetany

33
Q

paired glands above kidneys

A

adrenals

34
Q

hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

A

-glucocorticoids
-mineralocorticoids
-aldosterone: major hormone
-sex hormones
(renin-angiotensin system is main stimulus)

35
Q
  • from aldosterone-producing tumor of adrenal cortex
  • high sodium, blood volume, blood pressure
  • low potassium level leading to neuromuscular manifestations
A

overproduction of aldosterone

36
Q
  • produces catecholamines that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
  • norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
  • epinephrin (adrenaline)
A

adrenal medulla

37
Q
  • an adrenal cortical hypofunction
  • deficiency of all steroid hormones
  • an autoimmune disorder
A

addison’s disease

38
Q

glucocorticoid deficiency

A

hypoglycemia

39
Q

mineralocorticoid deficiency

A

low blood volume and low blood pressure

40
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

from increased ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) due to loss of feedback inhibition

41
Q

-excessive overproduction of adrenal corticosteroids

A

cushing disease

42
Q

glucocorticoid excess

A

disturbed carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

43
Q

mineralocorticoid excess

A

high blood volume and high blood pressure

44
Q

gonad function

A
  • production of germ cells

- production of sex hormones: controlled by gonadotropic hormones of pituitary gland FSH and LH

45
Q

hormones secreted by nonendocrine tumors that are identical with or mimic action of true hormones

A

ectopic hormones

46
Q

any event that disturbs homeostasis

A

stress

47
Q

alters metabolism, taxes cardiovascular system, impairs inflammatory and immune responses
-involves adrenal cortex, predisposes to illness

A

chronic response to stress

Survey Final Ch. 20-22 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions