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BIOS 20-23 > 20 - Plasticity > Flashcards

20 - Plasticity Flashcards

1
Q

What does plasticity mean?`

A

Plasticity is the ability of a plant to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment in order to adapt to it better.

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2
Q

What is phototropism?

A

Phototropism is when the plant tip grows towards the light.

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3
Q

Which hormone is responsible for phototropism?

A

Auxin (indolacetic acid)

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4
Q

Which protein absorbs blue light in phototropism?

A

Phototropin

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5
Q

What happens to auxin when blue light is absorbed?

A

Auxin is moved to to the dark side of the plant, which stimulates growth on this side, bending the stem towards the light.

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6
Q

What can be done to plants to remove apical dominance?

A

Prune them

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7
Q

Which would have stronger apical dominance: saplings in dense forest or plants growing in open areas?

A

Saplings in dense forest - they grow straight up towards the light

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8
Q

How do plant roots use auxin?

A

Plant roots use auxin to grow away from the light and stay in the soil.

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9
Q

Where is auxin produced?

A

In the leaf primordial cells at the shoot apical meristem

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10
Q

How is auxin transported?

A

Through vascular parenchyma cells / phloem

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11
Q

Where is Gibberellin produced?

A

In young shoot tissues - apical meristems, young leaves and embryos

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12
Q

How is Gibberellin transported?

A

Through xylem and phloem

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13
Q

What does Gibberellin do?

A

It regulates cell enlargement, causing stem elongation and from growth. It also stimulates seed germination.

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14
Q

Where is Cytokinin produced?

A

In the Root tips

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15
Q

How is Cytokinin transported?

A

Through the xylem

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16
Q

What does Cytokinin do?

A

It counteracts apical dominance, as well as controlling cell division and differentiation and delays the ageing of leaves.

17
Q

Where is Abscisic acid produced?

A

In mature leaves, stems and roots, and in green fruit

18
Q

How is Abscisic acid transported?

A

In the roots - through xylem

In the leaves - through phloem

19
Q

What does Absiscic acid do?

A

It causes seed dormancy and regulates plant responses to drought (closing stomata)

20
Q

A wild, ripened banana appears

A

Ethylene!

21
Q

Where (and when) is ethylene produced

A

In most tissues when the plant experiences mechanical stress

22
Q

How is ethylene transported

A

As it is a gas, it just diffuses through the plant

23
Q

What does ethylene do?

A

It ripens green fruit, it is a stress response, responding to touch/wind by ceasing length growth and causing stems to grow thicker and horizontally

24
Q

What does a eucalyptus do when its apical dominancy is destroyed in a bushfire?

A

It releases buds from their trunk, and new sprouts will assume dominancy. The tree will get a new leading shoot.

25
Q

What are Brassinosteroids?

A

Brassinosteroids are a new hormone first found in the cabbage genus. They influence growth, germination, root formation, flowering and senescence.

26
Q

What cells influence gravitropism by determining which way is down?

A

Stratoliths

27
Q

What is thigmotropism?

A

Thigmotropism is a growth response to touch

28
Q

What is ‘tendrils climbing pants ‘ an example of?

a) Phototropism
b) Heliotropism
c) Gravitropism
d) Thigmotropism

A

d) Thigmotropism

29
Q

What is heliotropism?

A

The ability for plants to track the sun during the day (through growth and turgor changes in stems)

30
Q

What are nastic movements?

A

Nastic plant movements are NOT in response to a stimulus e.g. Mimosa pudica; cells on the inside of the leaflet lose water, while cells on the outside retain water.

31
Q

What light do plants detect when their in the shade of another plant?

A

Far-red light (green light) - detected by the pigment phytochrome

BIOS 20-23 (4 decks)

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