20 marker plan

Question 1

What is the protestant ethic according to Weber?

Answer 1

This was a time where Calvinist beliefs led to the rise in capitalism.

Question 2

How did the protestant ethic lead to economic change?

Answer 2

This emphasised individualism and meritocracy, which allowed the bourgeoisie to spread ideologies that:

• material wealth is a sign of Gods’ favour
• whilst poverty is due to laziness and sin

This caused people to develop the spirit of capitalism through ascetism.

Question 3

What is Weber’s view on religion being a force for social change?

Answer 3

Weber agrees, as religion creates economic change

Calvinist beliefs-> rise in capitalism.

Question 4

What evidence supports Weber’s view that religion has led to economic change?

Answer 4

Calvinists beliefs in Europe led to rise in capitalism before Asia.

Question 5

What are the limitation of Weber’s argument?

Answer 5

• Exaggerates impact of calvinism

- Neglects colonialism/slavery which gave Europe economic advantages ->emergence of capitalism

Question 6

What is an ideological resource according to Steve Bruce?

Answer 6

An ideological resource provides motivation for civil rights movements through things like scriptures
-as demonstrated through black clergy.

Question 7

What is Bruce’s view on religion being a force for social change?

Answer 7

Bruce agrees, as religion challenges mainstream beliefs and values.

Question 8

How does religion act as a force for social change according to Bruce?

Answer 8

Religion acts as an ideological resource by motivating Christians to strive to achieve social change.

Question 9

What is an example of how religion has acted as an ideological resource?

Answer 9

This is demonstrated through Martin luther king civil rights movement.

• Martin luther fought against injustice using religion to motivate him and his people
• peaceful protests(black clergy), motivational speeches-> I had a dream

Question 10

What evidence supports Bruce’s view that religion challenges mainstream beliefs and values?

Answer 10

civil rights movement led to banning of racial segregation and legislations

Question 11

What are the limitations of Bruce’s argument?

Answer 11

• limited change

- racial problems still ongoing e.g. BLM protests in 2020

Question 12

What is a dual character?

Answer 12

Marxists argue that religion has a dual character

-Religion can cause change but it can also inspire protests and rebellion.

Question 13

What is Maduro’s view on religion being a force for social change?

Answer 13

Maduro agrees, as religion inspires protests against the existing social order

Question 14

How does religion act as a force for social change according to Maduro?

Answer 14

This is because religion has a dual character

Question 15

What is an example of how religion has a dual character?

Answer 15

Religion acts as a revolutionary force in times of dictatorships as

• people can gather and share ideas
• Saffron revolution in Myanmar

Question 16

What evidence supports Maduro’s view that religion inspires protest against existing social order?

Answer 16

Saffron revolution in Myanmar
-religious leaders & teachings helped to other throw the dictatorship
&create political change

Question 17

What are the limitations of Maduro’s argument?

Answer 17

• Neglects secularisation
• levels of religiosity has declined
• limited change, religion is less significant