Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO > 20 - Introduction to Skin > Flashcards

20 - Introduction to Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Most common reason for visiting the GP

A

Skin disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of skin

A

Protection
Insulation
Sensory information
Vitamin D synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major cell type of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of cell are in the Epidermis

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 layers of the epidermis

A 
Stratum Corneum 
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
(Come Get Sun Burnt)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of keratinocyte

A

Produce keratins

Responsible for cells structural integrity and resillience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are keratins most abundant

A

Stratum corneum
Hair
Nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A type keratin

A

More flexible
Soft
In hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

B type keratin

A

Harder
In nails
More rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What defines the two types of keratins

A

Secondary structure

S-S bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do keratins exist as

A

Acid-basic pairs

e.g K5/K14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In what layer does proliferation occur in the epidermis

A

Basal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the basal membrane consist of

A

Laminin 332
Collagen IV
Collagen VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do cells attach to in the basal membrane

A

Laminin 332

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of collagen VII in the basal membrane

A

Mechanical anchorage to the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of hemidesmosomes

A

Link keratin cytoskeleton to basal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cells in stratum spinosum

A

3-4 cells thick

Numerous desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cells in stratum granulosum

A 
2-3 cells thick
Large granules of keratohyalin
Filaggrin
Involucrin
Loricrin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of stratum corneum

A

Protective barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

structure of stratum corneum

A

Thick cornified envelope

Cross linked by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adherens junctions

A

Cadherin receptor linked to actin cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Desmosome

A

Cadherin receptor linked to keratin cytoskeleton

23
Q

Tight junctions

A

Claudin and occludin seal intercellular space

24
Q

Gap junction

A

Intercellular pores made up of connexins (allow to transport nutrients from one cell to another

25
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary
Reticular
Adipose

26
Q

Most abundant cell in dermis

A

Fibroblast

27
Q

What do fibroblasts synthesise

A

Collagen
Elastin
Proteoglycans

28
Q

Papillary layer

A

Directly beneath the epidermis and BM

Blood capillaries

29
Q

Why is the papillary layer more elastic

A

TII collagen and Elastin

Randomly oriented, fine collagen

30
Q

Reticular layer

A

Larger, more organised collagen
densely packed
gives skin high tensile strength

31
Q

What does the pilosebaceous unit comprise of

A

Hair follicle

Sebaceous gland

32
Q

What layer of skin is the hair follicle from

A

Epidermis

33
Q

Two types of hair

A

Vellus - body hair

Terminal - Scalp + secondary sexual hair

34
Q

What produces hair

A

Matrix keratinocytes

35
Q

What controls hair growth and where is it

A

Dermal papilla fibroblasts

IN THE DERMIS

36
Q

Function of erector pilli muscle

A

Movement of the hair

37
Q

Where are hair follicle stem cells located

A

Bulge region

Express keratin 15

38
Q

Phases of the hair cycle

A

Anagen - Active
Catagen - Regressive
Telogen - Resting

39
Q

What is the sebaceous gland

A

Androgen sensitive exocrine gland
Releases sebum
Infection –> acne

40
Q

Components of eccrine sweat gland

A

Excretory duct

Secretory coil

41
Q

What is the apocrine gland

A

Sweat gland associated with hair follicles

42
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

Axilla

Pubic region

43
Q

What type of cell are melanocytes

A

Dendritic cells

44
Q

Where are melanocytes found

A

Epidermis on BM and hair matrix

45
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

produce melanin in melanosomes

46
Q

Eumelanin

A

More common Black or brown

47
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Reddish colour

48
Q

What are langerhans cells

A

Dendritic cells
presents antigens to t lymphocytes
first line of defence

49
Q

Where are langerhans found

A

Basal and spinous layers

50
Q

Where are Merkel cells found

A

Stratum basale

51
Q

Function of merkel cells

A

Sensory perception

52
Q

Function of mast cell

A

Immune response - secretes histamine

53
Q

Wound healing stages

A

1) Inflammation
2) Proliferation - active growth and repair
3) Maturation - remodelling

LOCO (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions