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Physiology > 20 Gastrointestinal System Hormones > Flashcards

20 Gastrointestinal System Hormones Flashcards

To learn about GIS hormones

1
Q

List 25 Gastrointestinal system hormones

A
  1. Gastrin
  2. Secretin
  3. Cholecystokinin
  4. Ghrelin
  5. Motilin
  6. Gastric inhibitory peptides
  7. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
  8. Somatostatin
  9. Substance p
  10. Enkephalin
  11. Neurotensin
  12. Serotonin
  13. Urogastrone
  14. Enterocrinin
  15. Villikin
  16. Galanin
  17. Glucagon like peptide 1
  18. Glucagon like peptide 2
  19. Leptin
  20. Neuropeptide Y
  21. Pancreatic polypeptide
  22. Trefoil peptide
  23. Growth Factors
  24. Enteroglucagon
  25. Bombesin
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2
Q

What cells secrete Gastrin

A

G-cells of antrum of pyloris glands of the stomach

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3
Q

What stimulates the production of Gastrin

A
  1. Presence of proteinous food in the stomach
  2. Local nervous plexuses
  3. Vasovagal reflexes
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4
Q

Physiological actions of Gastrin

A
  1. Stimulates Gastric acid secretion rich in pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
  2. Promote proliferation of Gastric epithelial cells.
  3. increased Gastric motility and rate of Gastric secretion.
  4. Stimulates Gastric emptying.
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5
Q

What is the first GIS hormone to be discovered, in what year and by who?

A

Secretin is the first GIS hormone to be discovered in 1902 by Bayliss and Sterling

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6
Q

What cells secrete secretin?

A

S-cells of the Duodenum

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7
Q

Secretin is produced in an inactive form called?

A

Prosecretin

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8
Q

Conversation of prosecretin to an active form occur in the presence of _________? in small intestine.

A

Acid Chyme

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9
Q

List the stimulants for secretion of secretin

A
  1. Acidity of the Chyme

2. Amino-acid

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10
Q

State the actions (functions) of secretin

A
  1. Stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion of watery juice rich in bicarbonate ions
  2. Inhibits Gastric juice secretion
  3. Inhibits Gastric motility
  4. Augment the action of Cholecystokinin
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11
Q

Cholecystokinin is produced by what cells?

A

I-cells of duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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12
Q

Stimulants for secretion of Cholecystokinin includes?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Peptides
  3. Amino-acid
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13
Q

Actions of Cholecystokinin

A
  1. Contraction of gallbladder
  2. Promote pancreatic scanty secretion rich in enzymes via second messenger- INOSITOL TRIPHOSPHATE
  3. Increases secretion of enterokinase
  4. Inhibits Gastric motility causing delayed emptying
  5. Augment contraction of pyloric sphincters
  6. Plays an important role in satiety and by suppressing hunger
  7. Induces drug tolerance to opoid
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14
Q

What cells secrete Ghrelin

A

Epithelial cells in the fundus of stomach

Small amount is also produced by hypothalamus, pituitary, kidneys and placental

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15
Q

Function of Ghrelin

A

Acts as a strong stimulant for appetite and feeding

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16
Q

What is Motilin

A

Is a 22 amino acid hormone,

It is secreted by Mo-cells of the stomach and small intestine and entero-chromaffin cells.

17
Q

Functions of Motilin include?

A
  • Involved in stimulating housekeeping pattern of motility
  • Accelerate Gastric emptying
  • Increase mixing and propulsive movements
  • Increases peristalsis
18
Q

Where are Gastric Inhibitory Peptides (G.I.P)

produced?

A

By K-cells in the duodenum, jejunum and antrum in the stomach

19
Q

Stimulants for secretion of Gastric Inhibitory Peptides include?

A
  1. Acid Chyme
  2. Glucose
  3. Fats
20
Q

Actions of Gastric Inhibitory Peptides include

A
  1. Inhibits Gastric secretion and motility

2. Potentiates release of insulin from beta cells in response to elevated glucose concentration

21
Q

What are Vasoactive intestinal polypeptides (V.I.P) ?

A

A polypeptide secreted by cells in the stomach and small intestine

22
Q

Stimulants for secretion of Vasoactive intestinal polypeptides (V.I.P)

A

Acid Chyme in the stomach

23
Q

Physiological actions of Vasoactive intestinal polypeptides

A
  1. Stimulates insulin production
  2. Augment action of acetylcholine on salivart glands
  3. Dilates splanchnic blood vessels, inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion in Gastric juice
  4. Stimulates secretion of succus entericus with large amounts of water and electrolytes
24
Q

What is Somatostatin

A
  • A growth hormone Inhibitory hormone
  • it is produced by D-cells of the stomachs small intestine and pancreas
  • it is also produced by the hypothalamus
25
Q

Actions of somatostatin

A
  1. Inhibits growth hormone and TSH

2. Inhibits pancreatic secretion, CCK, VIP and GIP

26
Q

List other hormones

A
  • Substance p
  • Enkephalin
  • Neurotensin
  • Serotonin
  • Urogastrone
  • Enterocrinin
  • Villikini
  • Peptide YY
  • Bombesin

Physiology (3 decks)

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