2.0 Fuels and Fractions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A substance that burns to release energy

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2
Q

What name do we give to reactions which take in heat energy?

A

Endothermic

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3
Q

What name do we give to reactions which release heat energy to the surroundings?

A

Exothermic

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4
Q

What are the 3 sides of the fire triangle?

A
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5
Q

How do we extinguish a fire?

A

By removing one side of the triangle

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6
Q

Name the 3 main fossil fuels

A

Crude oil

Natural Gas

Coal

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7
Q

What is meant by a fossil fuel?

A

A fuel formed from once living organisms

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8
Q

What are the 2 main problems with fossil fuels?

A
  1. Polluting products
  2. They are finite
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9
Q

What does “finite” mean?

A

They will eventually run out

Limited supply

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10
Q

What conditions are needed for fossil fuels to form?

A

Dead organisms

High Pressure

High Temperature

Millions of years

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11
Q

What are the main substances in crude oil?

A

Hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What is meant by a hydrocarbon?

A

A substance made up of ONLY H and C atoms

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13
Q

Why do some hydrocarbons have higher boiling points than others?

A

Larger molecules have larger attractions between them and need more energy to break them

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14
Q

What is meant by a fraction?

A

A group of substances with similar boiling points

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15
Q

How do the properties of crude oil fractions differ?

A
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16
Q

What are some common uses of crude oil fractions?

A
17
Q

What’s the test for carbon dioxide?

A
18
Q

What’s the test for water?

A
19
Q

What is a pollutant?

A

A substance that causes harm if released into the environment

20
Q

What pollutants can be caused by combustion of fossil fuels in cars?

A
21
Q

What is fitted to cars to minimise pollution from the exhaust?

A

A catalytic convertor

22
Q

What is meant by “biomass”?

A

A substance that comes from something which was recently living

23
Q

Name an advantage of using biomass

A
24
Q

What is a biofuel?

A

A fuel made from biomass

25
Q

Give an example of a biofuel.

A

Bio-ethanol

Biodiesel

Biogas