20 Cards Flashcards
Classic presentation of IgA nephropathy
Macroscopic hematuria in young people following a URTI. Self limiting
Anion gap calculation
(sodium + potassium) - (bicarbonate + chloride)
What to give to prevent contrast induced nephropathy?
0.9 5 sodium chloride at a rate of 1ml/kg/hour for 12 hours pre and post procedure
Urine osmolality in pre-renal AKI
> 500 mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality in ATN
<350 mOsm/kg due to impaired water reabsorption
Urine sodium in pre renal AKI
<20 MMOL/L
Urine sodium in ATN
> 40 mmol/l
Nephrotic syndrome in children/ young adults
Minimal change disease
Which infection is a cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
HIV
Screening tests for adult PCKD
ultrasound
Time period difference in presentation between IgA nephropathy and post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy is 1-2 days after an URTI
Post strep GN is 1-2 weeks after an URTI
Management of rhabdomyolissis
A to E- agressive fluids and ionotropes, risk of cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, maintain U/O
Specifics: IVF aim for hypervolemia, manage hyperkalemia, force alkaline diuresis with frusemide or mannitol, RRT
Treatment for HIV associated nephropathy
Antiretroviral therapy
Features of HIV associated nephropathy
Massive proteinuria resulting in nephrotic syndrome
Normal or large kidneys
FSG with focal or global capillary collapse on renal biopsy
Elevated urea and creatinine
Normotension
Causes of focal segmental glomeruloscelorsis
HIV, heroin, alport’s syndrome, sickle cell
Scrotal swelling you can’t get above
inguinal hernia
What is the most common type of renal stone?
Calcium oxalate
What are staghorn calculi made of and what ph of urine do they form in?
Stag-horn calculi are composed of struvite and form in alkaline urine (ammonia producing bacteria therefore predispose)
Which renal stones are radiolucent?
urate + xanthine stones
Why are patients with nephrotic syndrome at higher risk for VTE?
One significant factor is the loss of antithrombin III in the urine, which occurs as a result of the proteinuria that characterises this condition. Antithrombin III is a natural anticoagulant, and its deficiency can lead to a hypercoagulable state and thus increase the risk of thrombus formation.
