2. What is Life? Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is the Anatomical Position?
The standard reference used to describe body parts & their position/relation to other parts. An erect person with face directed forwards, upper limbs hanging by side, palms forward & lower limbs straight.
Supine
Person lying face up
Prone
person lying face down
what is the Directional Terms Assumption?
To assume terms are referring to body in anatomical position, unless otherwise stated
Superior
Towards the head. also known as cranial or cephalic
Inferior
Towards the feet
Anterior
Towards the front. also known as ventral
Posterior
towards the back of. also known as dorsal
Proximal
close to
Distal
far from
Medial
towards the mid line of the body
Lateral
away from the mid line of the body
Superficial
closer to the surface
Deep
towards the interior of the body
Body planes
body planes divides and sections the body so we can get different views of inside the body.
Sagittal plane
Separates the body into right and left parts. the median plane is mid saggital (right in the middle)
Frontal plane (coronal)
Separates the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse plane (horizontal)
Separates the body into superior and inferior parts. the plane runs parallel to the ground
Oblique
doesn’t run parallel or perpendicular to other planes
Body cavities
Closed to the outside to provide protection
Contains internal organs/ viscera
Three types of body cavities:
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic /adominopelvic
Subdivisions of the abdomen
4 Quadrants
9 Regions
used to locate underlying organs
What are the 9 regions
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney
Large/ small intestine
Part of diaphragm
What organs are in the epigastric region?
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Adrenal glands
Diaphragm (lower part)
What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?
Tip of liver
Spleen
Stomach
Left kidney
Large/ small intestine
Pancreas
What organs are in right lumbar region
Ascending colon
Small intestine
Right kidney
What organs are in the umbilical region
Small intestine
Transverse colon
Pancreas
Aorta
Inferior vena cava (major vein to heart)
Duodenum (partial)
What organs are in the left lumbar region?
Descending colon
Left kidney
Small intestine
What organs are in the right iliac region?
Appendix
Cecum (large intestine)
ileum (small intestine)
Right ovary (in females)
Right fallopian tube (in females)
Ascending colon
What organs are in the hypogastric region?
Urinary bladder
Rectum
Small intestine
Reproductive organs (in females)
Prostate gland (in males)
What organs are in the left iliac region?
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary (in females)
Left fallopian tube (in females)
Small intestine
Descending colon
What organs are in the right upper quadrant?
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Right kidney
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Right adrenal gland
What organs are in the left upper quadrant?
Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Pancreas
Left kidney
Descending colon
Small intestine
What organs are in the right lower quadrant?
Appendix
Cecum
ileum
Right ovary (in females)
Right fallopian tube (in females)
Right ureter
What organs are in the left lower quadrant?
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary (in females)
Left fallopian tube (in females)
Small intestine
Left ureter
Body Parts and Regions: Anterior
Head
Neck
Trunk: Thoracic, Abdomen, Pelvis
Upper Limb: Manual (hand)
Lower Limb: Pedal (foot)
Body Parts and Regions: Posterior
Cranial
Trunk: Dorsal (back)
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
BPAR: Anterior Head
Frontal (forehead)
Orbital (eye)
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Otic (ear)
Buccal (cheek)
Mertal (chin)
BPAR: Anterior Neck
Cervical
BPAR: Anterior Upper Limbs
Clavicular (collarbone)
Axillary (armpit)
Brachial (arm)
Artecubital (front of elbow)
Artebrachial (forearm)
Manual (hand):
- Carpal (wrist)
- Palmar (palm)
- Digital (fingers)
BPAR: Anterior Trunk
Thoracic:
- Pectoral (chest)
- Sternal (breastbone)
- Mammary (breast)
Abdomen:
- Abdominal (abdomen)
- Umbilical (navel)
Pelvis:
- Pelvic (pelvis)
- Inguinal (groin)
- Pubic (genital)
BPAR: Anterior Lower Limb
Coxal (hip)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar (kneecap)
Crural (leg)
Pedal (foot):
- Talus (ankle)
- Dorsum (top of foot)
- Digital (toes)
BPAR: Posterior Head & Neck
Cranial (skull)
Occipital (base of skull)
Nuchal (back of neck)
BPAR: Posterior Upper Limb
Acromial (point of shoulder)
Olecranon (point of elbow)
Dorsum (back of hand)
