2. Variables / Assignments Flashcards
A(n) ____ is a named item, such as x or numPeople, used to hold a value.
variable
A(n) ____ assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5.
assignment statement
The equals sign (=) is known as a(n) ____ operator. It is NOT equality as in mathematics.
assignment
A variable declaration declares a new variable, specifying the variable’s ____ and ____.
name, type
A variable of type ____ can hold whole number values, like 1, 999, 0, or -25 (but not 3.5 or 0.001).
integer
A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function is called a(n) ____.
identifier
A ____ word (or ____) is a word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A programmer cannot use one of these words as an identifier.
reserved, keyword
Identifiers must start with a(n) ____.
letter
Identifiers must be a sequence of ____, ___, and ____.
letters, underscores, digits
A(n) ____ is a combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value.
expression
A(n) ____ is a specific value in code, like 2.
literal
A(n) ____ is a symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like “+”.
operator
An expression is evaluated using the order of standard mathematics, such order known in programming as ____.
precedence rules
List the precedence rules for arithmetic operators. Start with the operator that is evaluated first.
- ()
- unary - (“unary minus,” used for negation)
- /
- -
- left-to-right
____ development is the process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more, and so on.
Incremental
A(n) ____ is a real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667.
floating point number
A floating point ____ is a number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, as in 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573.
literal
Integer variables are typically used for values that are ____, whereas floating-point variables are typically used for values that are ____.
counted, measured
If the dividend and divisor in floating-point division are both 0, the division results in a ____.
NotANumber
A(n) ____ is a list of statements executed by invoking this thing’s name, with such invoking known as a ____ call.
function
Function input values are called ____.
arguments
For the first call to the RandomNumber() function, no previous random integer exists, so the function uses a built-in integer known as the ____.
seed
A programmer can specify the seed for a random number using the function ____.
SeedRandomNumbers()
When the operands of “/” are both integers, what data type is the quotient?
An integer
If at least one of the operands in a division operation is a floating point number, what data type is the quotient?
A floating-point type
In the following variable assignment, if w and x are integers, and y is a floating-point type, will a fraction be generated?
y = w / x
No. Both operands are integers, which means that the operator performs integer division, leaving no fraction.
What type of error occurs at runtime integer division is occurring and the second operand in a “/” or “%” is zero? What happens to the program?
A divide-by-zero error. The program terminates.
The transformation of an integer into a float is an example of ____.
type conversion
Type conversion that a programming language performs automatically is called ____ conversion.
implicit
When different data types are involved in an assignment operation, which side—the left or right side—is implicitly converted to the other?
The right-side type is converted to the left-side type.
If a programmer intentionally converts one data type to another, what is this called?
A type cast
”%” is known as the ____ operator.
modulo
What data type is a whole number value, like 1, 999, 0, or -25?
Integer
What data type is a real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667.
Float. A float is a floating-type number.
What data type is a single letter, like ‘A’, ‘p’, or ‘%’?
Character
What data type is a sequence of characters, like “Hello” or “The forecast for today is sunny with highs of 75F.”E+
String
What data type refers to a quantity that has only two possible values, true or false?
Boolean
A(n) ____ is an ordered list of items of a given data type.
array
A(n) ____ is a named value item that holds a value that cannot change.
constant
What can you use to minimize the use of literal numbers in code and improve readability?
constants
Example: newPrice = origPrice - PRICE_DISCOUNT, where PRICE_DISCOUNT is a constant
What is Coral’s built-in math function for x^y?
RaiseToPower(x, y)
What is Coral’s built-in math function for the square root of x?
SquareRoot(x)
What is Coral’s built-in math function for the absolute value of x?
AbsoluteValue(x)
A(n) ____ is a data type that holds a single value at a time, as opposed to an array.
scalar
