2. Variables / Assignments

Question 1

A(n) ____ is a named item, such as x or numPeople, used to hold a value.

Answer 1

variable

Question 2

A(n) ____ assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5.

Answer 2

assignment statement

Question 3

The equals sign (=) is known as a(n) ____ operator. It is NOT equality as in mathematics.

Answer 3

assignment

Question 4

A variable declaration declares a new variable, specifying the variable’s ____ and ____.

Answer 4

name, type

Question 5

A variable of type ____ can hold whole number values, like 1, 999, 0, or -25 (but not 3.5 or 0.001).

Answer 5

integer

Question 6

A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function is called a(n) ____.

Answer 6

identifier

Question 7

A ____ word (or ____) is a word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A programmer cannot use one of these words as an identifier.

Answer 7

reserved, keyword

Question 8

Identifiers must start with a(n) ____.

Answer 8

letter

Question 9

Identifiers must be a sequence of ____, ___, and ____.

Answer 9

letters, underscores, digits

Question 10

A(n) ____ is a combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value.

Answer 10

expression

Question 11

A(n) ____ is a specific value in code, like 2.

Answer 11

literal

Question 12

A(n) ____ is a symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like “+”.

Answer 12

operator

Question 13

An expression is evaluated using the order of standard mathematics, such order known in programming as ____.

Answer 13

precedence rules

Question 14

List the precedence rules for arithmetic operators. Start with the operator that is evaluated first.

Answer 14

1. ()
2. unary - (“unary minus,” used for negation)
3. • /
4. • -
5. left-to-right

Question 15

____ development is the process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more, and so on.

Answer 15

Incremental

Question 16

A(n) ____ is a real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667.

Answer 16

floating point number

Question 17

A floating point ____ is a number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, as in 1.0, 0.0, or 99.573.

Answer 17

literal

Question 18

Integer variables are typically used for values that are ____, whereas floating-point variables are typically used for values that are ____.

Answer 18

counted, measured

Question 19

If the dividend and divisor in floating-point division are both 0, the division results in a ____.

Answer 19

NotANumber

Question 20

A(n) ____ is a list of statements executed by invoking this thing’s name, with such invoking known as a ____ call.

Answer 20

function

Question 21

Function input values are called ____.

Answer 21

arguments

Question 22

For the first call to the RandomNumber() function, no previous random integer exists, so the function uses a built-in integer known as the ____.

Answer 22

seed

Question 23

A programmer can specify the seed for a random number using the function ____.

Answer 23

SeedRandomNumbers()

Question 24

When the operands of “/” are both integers, what data type is the quotient?

Answer 24

An integer

Question 25

If at least one of the operands in a division operation is a floating point number, what data type is the quotient?

Answer 25

A floating-point type

Question 26

In the following variable assignment, if w and x are integers, and y is a floating-point type, will a fraction be generated?

y = w / x

Answer 26

No. Both operands are integers, which means that the operator performs integer division, leaving no fraction.

Question 27

What type of error occurs at runtime integer division is occurring and the second operand in a “/” or “%” is zero? What happens to the program?

Answer 27

A divide-by-zero error. The program terminates.

Question 28

The transformation of an integer into a float is an example of ____.

Answer 28

type conversion

Question 29

Type conversion that a programming language performs automatically is called ____ conversion.

Answer 29

implicit

Question 30

When different data types are involved in an assignment operation, which side—the left or right side—is implicitly converted to the other?

Answer 30

The right-side type is converted to the left-side type.

Question 31

If a programmer intentionally converts one data type to another, what is this called?

Answer 31

A type cast

Question 32

”%” is known as the ____ operator.

Answer 32

modulo

Question 33

What data type is a whole number value, like 1, 999, 0, or -25?

Answer 33

Integer

Question 34

What data type is a real number, like 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667.

Answer 34

Float. A float is a floating-type number.

Question 35

What data type is a single letter, like ‘A’, ‘p’, or ‘%’?

Answer 35

Character

Question 36

What data type is a sequence of characters, like “Hello” or “The forecast for today is sunny with highs of 75F.”E+

Answer 36

String

Question 37

What data type refers to a quantity that has only two possible values, true or false?

Answer 37

Boolean

Question 38

A(n) ____ is an ordered list of items of a given data type.

Answer 38

array

Question 39

A(n) ____ is a named value item that holds a value that cannot change.

Answer 39

constant

Question 40

What can you use to minimize the use of literal numbers in code and improve readability?

Answer 40

constants

Example: newPrice = origPrice - PRICE_DISCOUNT, where PRICE_DISCOUNT is a constant

Question 41

What is Coral’s built-in math function for x^y?

Answer 41

RaiseToPower(x, y)

Question 42

What is Coral’s built-in math function for the square root of x?

Answer 42

SquareRoot(x)

Question 43

What is Coral’s built-in math function for the absolute value of x?

Answer 43

AbsoluteValue(x)

Question 44

A(n) ____ is a data type that holds a single value at a time, as opposed to an array.

Answer 44

scalar