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Blood and Immune > 2. Types and Functions of Blood > Flashcards

2. Types and Functions of Blood Flashcards

1
Q

How many erythrocytes are found per mL of blood and what is its function?

A

5-6 million; carry oxygen.

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2
Q

How many leukocytes are found per mL of blood and what is its function?

A

10,000; immunity.

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3
Q

How many platelets are found per mL of blood and what is its function?

A

200,000; coagulation and tissue repair.

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4
Q

Why do erythrocytes survive radiotherapy?

A

They do not have a nucleus/DNA.

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5
Q

What type of immunity do myeloid cells provide?

A

Innate.

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6
Q

What is a key mechanism of myeloid cells?

A

Phagocytosis.

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7
Q

What receptors do myeloid cells have that bind immune complexes?

A

Complement and Fc.

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8
Q

What must be done to a microbe before it can be phagocytosed?

A

Opsonised by complement proteins.

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9
Q

What is the stem cell of blood and where is it found?

A

HSC; bone marrow.

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10
Q

What are HSCs characterised by?

A

CD34 marker antigen.

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11
Q

How many WBCs are CD34?

A

1 in 10,000.

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12
Q

In what type of blood is CD34 mostly found?

A

Placental cord blood.

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13
Q

What patients use HSC to re-populate blood cells after a bone marrow transplant?

A

Leukaemia.

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14
Q

What happens in bone marrow transplant?

A

The HSC are extracted by anti-CD33 antibody before radio-ablation, HSC replaced with simulating factors to speed up WBC production.

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15
Q

What do HSCs differentiate into?

A

Myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells.

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16
Q

What do myeloid cells differentiate into?

A

Megakaryocytes, mast cells, erythrocytes, and myeloblasts.

17
Q

What do megakaryocytes form?

A

Thrombocytes.

18
Q

What do myeloblasts differentiate into?

A

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.

19
Q

What do monocytes form?

A

Macrophages.

20
Q

Which cells are involved with innate immunity?

A

The ones formed by myeloblasts.

21
Q

What do lymphoid cells differentiate into?

A

Natural killer cells and small lymphocytes.

22
Q

What do small lymphocytes differentiate into?

A

B and T lymphocytes.

23
Q

What do B-lymphocytes later become?

A

Plasma cells.

24
Q

What are the stimulating factors that increase WBC production?

A

GS-CSF, G-CSF, EPO.

Blood and Immune (3 decks)

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