2 - The Research Enterprise in Psychology Flashcards
what are the 5 steps in the scientific method?
- formulate a hypothesis
- design the study
- collect the data
- analyze the data
- report the findings
what are two advantages of the scientific method?
- it is inherently precise
2. it is intolerant of error
what methods are used to find links?
- naturalistic observation
- case studies
- surveys
a true experiments examines ______
cause and effect
def: researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behaviour without interfering with the behaviour, natural or in the laboratory. describes but does not explain behaviour, can be revealing but difficult to control
naturalistic observation
def: a detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated based on careful observation or psychological study, provides fruitful ideas, cannot be used to generalize
case study
def: questionnaires and interviews that gather information by asking people about their opinions, experiences or attitudes, low rate of return, careful of wording effect, random sampling of population for best results
survey
def: manipulation of one variable under controlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can be observed
experiment
def: any variable other than the IV that seem likely to influence the DV in a study
extraneous variables
how do you handle extraneous variables?
- add control
- create a more complex design
def: stats used for summarizing data
descriptive statistics
def: stats used for interpreting data and drawing conclusions
inferential statistics
what is inferential statistics used for?
- interpret data
- draw conclusions
- make predictions
def: the systematic study of values, so as to decide what is the proper action and/or conduct
research ethics
what are the 2 major responsabilities in research ethics?
- ensure the welfare, dignity, and safety of both humans and non-humans
- ensure that public reports are honest and accurate
