2. the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, and joints

Question 1

how many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

80 bones

Question 2

how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

126 bones

Question 3

which bones are in the axial skeleton?
hint: s,h,v,t

Answer 3

-skull: cranium, facial and middle ear bones
-hyoid
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage: ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

bones of the skull:
how many bones are in the cranium?
how many facial bones do we have?
other bones…

Answer 4

-the cranium contains 8 bones: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
-14 facial bones (mandible contains only moveable joint)
-hyoid bone and middle ear bones

Question 5

cranium:
what is in the temporal lobe?
what is in the occipital lobe?

Answer 5

-external auditory meatus, zygomatic process, styloid process, and mastoid process
-foramen magnum, occipital condyles

Question 6

cranial bones:
shape and form of sphenoid bone
location and function of ethmoid bone

Answer 6

sphenoid bone
-butterfly shaped
-forms floor and sides of the cranium
-sella turica

ethmoid bone
-located between the eye orbits
-major supporting structure of the nasal cavity

Question 7

what are the facial bones?
(m, m, p, z, o)

Answer 7

mandible (1)
maxilla (1)
palatine bones (1)
zygomatic bones (2)
other facial bones

Question 8

what are sinuses? where is the location of the sinuses?

Answer 8

• sinuses are air-filled cavities that lighten the skull and modulate the sound of the voice
  (frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses)

Question 9

infant skull: fontanels
what are they( their function) and where are they?

Answer 9

-anterior and occipital fontanels
-not yet converted to bone
-covered with fibrous tissue
-allow for cranial growth

Question 10

vertebral column sections

Answer 10

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx

Question 11

vertebral column curves

Answer 11

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

Question 12

Vertebrae
C1 and C2 nods or rotates?
other vertebral parts?

Answer 12

Atlas (C1): Nods “yes”
Atlas (C2): Rotates “no”

other vertebral parts:
-vertebral foramen
-body
-lamina
-spinous process
-padded by intervertebral discs

Question 13

what are some disorders in the vertebral column?

Answer 13

-scoliosis: lateral curve
-kyphosis: hunchback
-lordosis: swayback

Question 14

thoracic cage: what is in the sternum?

Answer 14

-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process

Question 15

thoracic cage: ribs, true and false ribs?

Answer 15

-12 pairs of ribs
-7 pairs of true ribs
-5 pairs of false ribs, including 2 pairs of floating ribs

Question 16

what are other thoracic cage structures?

Answer 16

-xiphoid process
-suprasternal notch
-sternomanubrial joint
-costal angle
-costal margin

Question 17

what are the bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 17

-pectoral girdle: scapulae, clavicles
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle: coxal bones
-lower limbs

Question 18

pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) and upper limb bone names

Answer 18

pectoral girdle
-clavicle
-scapula

upper limb
-humerus
-radius and ulna
-carpals
-metacarpals
-phalanges

Question 19

pelvic girdle: coxal bones functions

Answer 19

-weight bearing
-attachment for lower limbs
-protection of organs

Question 20

pelvic girdle: coxal bone structure names

Answer 20

-llium
-ischium
-pubis
-acetabulum
-symphysis pubis

Question 21

lower limb bone names

Answer 21

thigh
-femur (with trochanters)

leg bones
-patella (kneecap)
-tibia (with medial malleolus)
-fibula (with lateral malleolus)

Question 22

lower limb: ankle and foot bones

Answer 22

foot bones
-tarsals
-metatarsals
-phalanges

arches
-form instep

Question 23

what are the three types of joints?

Answer 23

-immovable
-slightly movable
-freely movable

Question 24

what are the 3 types of joints?
hint: movable

Answer 24

-immovable
-slightly movable
-freely movable

Question 25

what is the structure of freely movable joints?

Answer 25

-articular cartilage
-capsule
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid
-cartilage
-some joints may also have: bursar and ligaments

Question 26

what are the types of freely movable joints in the body?

Answer 26

-hinge: elbows, knees
-ball-and-socket: shoulders, hips
-pivot: atlas-axis joint
-saddle: carpometacarpal
-gliding: wrist
-condyloid: knuckles

Question 27

where are articulating bones in the body?

Answer 27

-tibiofempral (knee)
-humeroulnar (elbow)
-metacarpophalangeal (wrist)
-glenohumeral (shoulder)
-coxal (hip)

Question 28

what are the different types of joint movements?

Answer 28

-flexion-extension
-dorsifelxion-plantar flexion
-inversion-eversion
-hyperextension
-supination-pronation
-abduction-adduction
-circumduction