1. function and structure of the skeletal system Flashcards
composed of:
bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments
what does this system do to the body?
-supports body weight and protects soft organs
-enables body movement
-stores minerals (Calcium and phosphorus)
-contains bone marrow (produces blood cells)
types of sizes and shapes
long, short, irregular and flat
2 types of bones
compact or hard: osteons and shafts (long bones)
spongy or soft: trabecular plates, swiss cheese and bone marrow
long bones structure
diaphysis (middle)
epiphysis (top and bottom)
epiphyseal disc
medullary cavity (bone marrow), periosteum (protective layer outside)
articular cartilage (covers ends of bones)
osstification: intramembranous and endochondral
intramembranous:
-replacement of thin connective tissue membrane with bone
-in flat bones
endochondral:
-replacement of fetal cartilage skeleton with bone
-in long, irregular, and short bones
osstification in fetus: intramembranous and endochondral
-intramembranous: in flat bones of skull
-endochondral: in all other bones
where does growth occur?
epiphyseal disc
-osteoblasts invade cartilage in disc
-they mature into osteocytes (bone)
types of growth hormones
-estrogen and testosterone
osteoclasts
sculptor, hollows bone
osteoblasts
builder, deposits bone on outer surface
osteoclastic activity
also called resorption
condyle
large knob
occurs at the ends of some bones (such as on the femur which forms the upper part of the knee joint)
epicondyle
enlargement near a condyle
bumps on the head
enlarged, rounded end
