2 - Techniques in Lit Search

Question 1

incubation period

Answer 1

time interval btwn invasion by an infections agent and the appearance of the first sign or symptom of the dz

• time btwn infection and onset of CS

Question 2

infectivity

Answer 2

the capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in a susceptible host and this produce infection or dz

Question 3

pathogenicity

Answer 3

refers to the capacity of a microorganism to cause damage in a host

*** does not refer to the degree of damage or severity of illness caused by that microorganism

Question 4

virulence

Answer 4

refers to the severity of the disease produced

Question 5

immunogenicity

Answer 5

the ability of a foreign substance to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal host species

• somethings do not evoke an immune response like prions

Question 6

latent period

Answer 6

the period of time between being exposed and being able to spread the dz

Question 6

period of communicability

Answer 6

the period of time during which an infected host remains capable of transmitting the infective agent

Question 7

explain incidence and prevalence

Answer 7

incidence is new cases

prevalence is all existing cases

Question 8

explain infectivity

Answer 8

ability to enter and establish in body

Question 9

what is virulence

Answer 9

how severe is the disease

Question 10

what is pathogenicity

Answer 10

the ability to cause disease

Question 11

what is R-naught

Answer 11

ability to spread disease

• avg number of secondary cases that come from one person getting that dz

Question 12

what is a zoonotic disease

Answer 12

is a disease that can be passed btwn animals and humans (and vice versa)

Question 13

what are the components of immunity

Answer 13

-physical/ administrative barriers
- passive immunity
- active immunity
- herd immunity

Question 14

what is immunity and how is it indicated

Answer 14

protection against dz
- two types passive and active

immunity is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the blood and can usually be determined with a laboratory test

Question 15

explain active immunity

Answer 15

the production of antibodies against a specific dz organism by the host immune system

• it can be acquired in two ways, either by contracting the disease or through vaccination
• active immunity is often permanent, meaning an individual is protected from the dz for a duration of their lives

Question 16

what is passive immunity

Answer 16

protection against dz through antibodies produced by another human or animal
- it is effective, but protection is generally limited and diminished over time (usually a few weeks or months)
ex colostrum

Question 17

what is the window of susceptibility

Answer 17

when maternal antibodies are going away and their own antibodies have not started up completely yet. It is prime time to get infected with nasty diseases.

• get around this by doing booster vaccines to young animals

Question 18

what is seroconversion

Answer 18

development of antibodies in an animal can provide evidence of infection with that specific disease agent

Question 18

explain the social determinants of health

Answer 18

• availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods
• social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
• exposure to crime, violence and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
• social support and social interactions

Question 18

what is the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status

Answer 18

determinants of health

Question 19

what is a food desert

Answer 19

a USDA measure of the availability (by population density) of healthy, affordable food

Question 20

what social determinants of health effects every persons views on and accessibility to health care

Answer 20

• exposure to mass media and emerging tech
• socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
  -quality schools
• transportation options
• public safety
• residential segregation