2 - Techniques in Lit Search Flashcards
incubation period
time interval btwn invasion by an infections agent and the appearance of the first sign or symptom of the dz
- time btwn infection and onset of CS
infectivity
the capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in a susceptible host and this produce infection or dz
pathogenicity
refers to the capacity of a microorganism to cause damage in a host
*** does not refer to the degree of damage or severity of illness caused by that microorganism
virulence
refers to the severity of the disease produced
immunogenicity
the ability of a foreign substance to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal host species
- somethings do not evoke an immune response like prions
latent period
the period of time between being exposed and being able to spread the dz
period of communicability
the period of time during which an infected host remains capable of transmitting the infective agent
explain incidence and prevalence
incidence is new cases
prevalence is all existing cases
explain infectivity
ability to enter and establish in body
what is virulence
how severe is the disease
what is pathogenicity
the ability to cause disease
what is R-naught
ability to spread disease
- avg number of secondary cases that come from one person getting that dz
what is a zoonotic disease
is a disease that can be passed btwn animals and humans (and vice versa)
what are the components of immunity
-physical/ administrative barriers
- passive immunity
- active immunity
- herd immunity
what is immunity and how is it indicated
protection against dz
- two types passive and active
immunity is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the blood and can usually be determined with a laboratory test
explain active immunity
the production of antibodies against a specific dz organism by the host immune system
- it can be acquired in two ways, either by contracting the disease or through vaccination
- active immunity is often permanent, meaning an individual is protected from the dz for a duration of their lives
what is passive immunity
protection against dz through antibodies produced by another human or animal
- it is effective, but protection is generally limited and diminished over time (usually a few weeks or months)
ex colostrum
what is the window of susceptibility
when maternal antibodies are going away and their own antibodies have not started up completely yet. It is prime time to get infected with nasty diseases.
- get around this by doing booster vaccines to young animals
what is seroconversion
development of antibodies in an animal can provide evidence of infection with that specific disease agent
explain the social determinants of health
- availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods
- social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
- exposure to crime, violence and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
- social support and social interactions
what is the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
determinants of health
what is a food desert
a USDA measure of the availability (by population density) of healthy, affordable food
what social determinants of health effects every persons views on and accessibility to health care
- exposure to mass media and emerging tech
- socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
-quality schools - transportation options
- public safety
- residential segregation
