2- spinal cord general topography and internal structure - week 1 Flashcards
Where dose the spine cord begin and where dose it end ?
- Begins at:Foramen magnum
- Ends at: L3 (newborn), L1 (adult)
What is the length of the spinal chord in males ?
About 45 cm and it is long in males
What is superior of the spinal cord ?
Medulla obongata
What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord ?
- cervical enlargement
- lumbar enlargement
Where is the cervical enlargement ?
– The region where Spinal nerves form the brachial plexus
– Diameter, about 38 mm
Where is the lumbar enlargement ?
– The region where Spinal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus
– Diameter, about 35 mm
– After lumbar enlargement it becomes thin and forms conus medullaris ( this is the lower end of Spinal cord)
Where is the conus medullaris & cauda equina ?
The Spinal cord narrows below after lumbosacral enlargement, Conus medullaris ; is the at thelower end of spinal cord, Cauda equina (pony tail):Below conus medullaris Roots of spinal nerves Surrounding the filum terminale.
What are meninges ?
They are membranes that surround the spinal cord
What are denticulate ligament ?
Spinal cord is suspended within dural sac by denticulate ligaments on
each side; It is the Extension of pia mater; 20 – 22 in number ,With arachnoid mater attaches to the inner surface of dural sac
What are the external features of the spinal cord ?
- Anterior median fissure
- Posterior median sulcus
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus(dorsolat.
What is the spinal cord segment ?
It is part of Spinal Cord from where a pair of Spinal Nerves, where one arise from right & one from left side.
How many segments are there in the spinal nerves and how are they divided ?
There are 31 segments divided into :
- 8 in cervical region
- 12 in thoracic region
- 5 in lumbar region
- 5 in sacral region
- 1 in coccygeal region
Where is the posterior root of the spinal nerve and what is its function ?
enters spinal cord from posterolateral sulcus, It brings sensory information from periphery.
Where is the anterior root of the spinal nerve and what dose it do ?
It leaves the spinal cord from anterolateral sulcus, motor, Fila radicularia (rootlets) the fibres forming the anterior and posterior roots Spinal nerve.
Where is the spinal cord located at ?
Its located in the vertebral canal.
How dose the Spinal nerves leave the
vertebral canal ?
by passing through the intervertebral foramen
Why are there is 8 pairs of the spinal nerves at the cervicval level ?
Because the C! Spinal nerve (suboccipital nerves ) levels the vertebrate canal between the atlas and occipital bone.
What is the dermatome ?
It is the skin region innervated by one spinal nerve .
What is the axial line ?
It is in regions of the spinal nerves innervating the two neighboring dermatome areas that don’t originate from the neighboring segments of the line between this type of two dermatome regions.
What happens by the axial line ?
The nerve fibers innervating the two
neighbouring dermatomes do not pass to each other.
What is the gray matter in the internal structure of the spinal cord ?
contains Neurons, neuroglia and blood vessels and its Butterfly shaped .
What is the white matter in the internal structure of the spinal cord and what is its parts ?
It contains nerve fibers, neuroglia and blood vessels
Its parts are :
– Anterior funiculus
– Posterior funiculus
– Lateral funiculus
What dose the gray matter have ?
- Anterior horn
- Posterior horn
- Lateral horn (between the T1- L3 )
What dose the gray matter have in the examination of the spinal cord (3D) ?
- anterior column
- posterior column
- lateral column (columna intermedia)