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Year 2 - Committee 3 - Anatomy > 1- Introduction to the nervous system - week 1 > Flashcards

1- Introduction to the nervous system - week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system ?

A
  • SENSORY INPUT:
    sensory receptors from skin and organs respond to internal and external stimuli by generating nerve impulses to the CNS.
  • INTEGRATION:
    The brain and spinal cord of the Central Nervous System combine and sum up all the data received from the body and send out nerve impulses.
  • MOTOR OUTPUT:
    The nerve impulses from the Central Nervous System go to the effectors (muscles and glands). Muscle contractions and gland secretions are responses to stimuli received by sensory receptors.
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2
Q

What are the two types of cell classes that makes the nervous system ?

A
  • Nerve cells (neurons) which are the main signalling units of the nervous system.
  • Glial cells (neuroglia) forming support cells (astrocyte, oligodendrocyte- myelin in cns, schwann cells- myelin in pns, microglia.
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3
Q

What are the two types of cell classes that makes the nervous system ?

A
  • Nerve cells (neurons) which are the main signalling units of the nervous system.
  • Glial cells (neuroglia) forming support cells (astrocyte, oligodendrocyte- myelin in cns, schwann cells- myelin in pns, microglia.
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4
Q

What dose the central nervous system (CNS) consist of ?

A

Brain ( encephalon ) and the spinal cord.

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5
Q

Where is the CNS embedded in ?

A

A special kind of connective tissue called neuroglia ( GLIA ).

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6
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ?

A

Extending from the CNS are 12 pairs of CRANIAL nerves and 31 pairs of SPINAL nerves which together with their branches modulate somatosensory (touch, pain, heat), special sensory (vision, hearing, smell, taste)and motor functions.

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7
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ?

A

Extending from the CNS are 12 pairs of CRANIAL nerves and 31 pairs of SPINAL nerves which together with their branches modulate somatosensory (touch, pain, heat), special sensory (vision, hearing, smell, taste)and motor functions.

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8
Q

What makes the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) ?

A

The entire complex of VISCERAL or SPLANCHNIC nerves connected to the CNS

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9
Q

What is a dermatome ?

A

Its a skin area innervated by a single spinal nerve.

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10
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system ( SNS ) ?

A

It provides conscious and sub-conscious control over skeletal muscles.

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11
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system ?

A

It controls the visceral functions largely outside our awareness.

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12
Q

What are meninges ( meninx ) ?

A

They are membranes that covers the CNS.

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13
Q

What are the layers if the meninges ( meninx ) ?

A
  • DURA MATER (outermost layer)
    -ARACHNOID MATER
  • Subarachnoid Space (filled with CSF)
    -PIA MATER (innermost layer)
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14
Q

What are the three parts of the encephalon ( brain ) ?

A
  • PROSENCEPHALON (forebrain)
  • MESENCEPHALON (midbrain)
  • RHOMBENCEPHALON (hindbrain)
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15
Q

What is the prosencephalon ?

A

It is the cerebral hemispheres diencephalon.

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16
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon of the prosencephalon ?

A
  • THALAMUS
  • METATHALAMUS
  • HYPOTHALAMUS
  • EPITHALAMUS
  • SUBTHALAMUS
17
Q

What are the the functions of the diencephalon of the prosencephalon ?

A
  • Directing Sense Impulses Throughout the Body.
  • Autonomic Function Control.
  • Endocrine Function Control.
  • Motor Function Control Homeostasis.
  • Hearing, Vision, Smell, and Taste Touch Perception.
18
Q

What is the mesencephalon of the prosencephalon ?

A

A short stem which serves the function of being a path between the forebrain and the hindbrain.

19
Q

What are the three parts of the rhododendron of the prosencephalon ?

A
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Cerebellu
20
Q

What does the medulla oblongata and the pons do ?

A

they’re the points of origination for eight of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

21
Q

What are the is the function of the cerebellum ?

A

It coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

22
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem ?

A
  • MIDBRAIN
  • PONS
  • MEDULLA OBLONGATA
23
Q

What is the function of the brain stem ?

A

It forms the connection between the brain and the spinal cord, it also maintains vital control of the heart and lungs, and coordinates many important reflexes.

24
Q

Where is the cerebral hemisphere ( cerebrum ) ?

A

• The cerebrum is the most cranial part of the brain.
• It lies in the anterior and middle cranial fossa and is related to the concavity of the skull.
• The two hemispheres are partially separated from each other by the longitudinal cerebral fissure.

Year 2 - Committee 3 - Anatomy (2 decks)

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