2. River Processes And Features

Question 1

How does gradient change along the long profile of a river

Answer 1

Steep gradient in upper course
Less step gradient in middle course
Gentle gradient in lower course

Question 2

How does depth change along the long profile of a river

Answer 2

Shallow in upper
Deepens in middle
Deep in lower

Question 3

How does width change along the long profile of a river

Answer 3

Thin in upper
Widens in middle
Wide in lower

Question 4

How does discharge change along the long profile of a river

Answer 4

Low discharge in upper
Discharge increases in middle
High discharge in lower

Question 5

How does load change along the long profile of a river

Answer 5

Angular in upper
Sub-angular in middle
Rounded in lower

Question 6

Attrition

Answer 6

Carried material crashing into other material

Question 7

Hydraulic Action

Answer 7

Water is forced in to cracks in the river forcing them to break

Question 8

Abrasion

Answer 8

Sand and stone scraping and grinding against bed

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

The chemical nature of water dissolving soluble material in bed and bank to break them up

Question 10

Traction

Answer 10

Large stones rolled along the river bed (requires alot of energy)

Question 11

Saltation

Answer 11

Sand sized particles bouncing along the river bed

Question 12

Suspension

Answer 12

Silt and clay sized particles carried in water flow

Question 13

Solution

Answer 13

Minerals dissolved in water

Question 14

Deposition

Answer 14

When the velocity of the river decreases , its energy falls and can no longer erode or transport materials instead, the load is dropped starting with the largest and therefore heaviest particles

Question 15

Draw a diagram of the formation of a waterfall

Answer 15

Refer to book

Question 16

The waterfall formation

Answer 16

River erosions erodes soft rock to form a step