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RT 204 > 2. Radiographic Contrast I > Flashcards

2. Radiographic Contrast I Flashcards

1
Q

is the two properties that comprise visibility of

detail

A

Contrast

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2
Q

Refers to the fact that the image is visible to the human eye only because sufficient contrast (and density) exists to permit the structural details to be perceived

A

Visibility of detail

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3
Q

is the difference between adjacent densities

A

Image contrast

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4
Q

Describes the concept of contrast as it is displayed on a soft-copy monitor for digital images

A

Dynamic range

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5
Q

is the proper term for the range of density/ brightness of the display monitor light emission

A

Dynamic range

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6
Q

accurately describes the digital processing that produces changes in the range of density/brightness, so its also is appropriate to use when controlling image contrast

A

Window width

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7
Q

When the differences between adjacent densities that comprise contrast are great, the image is described as ____ contrast and will result in fewer discernible shades of gray

A

high

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8
Q

when the differences are minimal

A

Low Contrast

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9
Q 
Many shades of gray
Decreased contrast
High kVp
Long scale of contrast
Large (wide) dynamic range / window width
A

Low Contrast

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10
Q

is the number of useful visible densities or shades of gray

A

Scale of contrast

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11
Q

refers to an image that demonstrates considerable or maximal differences between densities and has a minimal total number of densities

A

Short scale of contrast

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12
Q

also called high contrast, or increase contrast

A

SHort scale contrast

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13
Q 
Few shades of gray 
Increased contrast
Low kVp 
Short scale contrast 
Short (narrow) dynamic range / window width
A

High Contrast

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14
Q

refers to an image that demonstrates slight or minimal differences between densities but has a maximal total number of densities

A

Long scale of contrast

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15
Q

also called LOw contrast or decrease contrast

A

LOng scale contrast

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16
Q

is the total range of density values recorded by the image receptor

A

Physical contrast

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17
Q

is the maximum contrast possible and its most accurate representation of the varying intensities present in the x-ray beam after it has passed through the subject

A

Physical contrast

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18
Q

is the total range of density values that can be perceived by the human eye in a single image

A

Visible contrast

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19
Q

A portion of the physical contrast and comprises the information from which diagnosis is made

A

Visible contrast

20
Q

it is the total amount of contrast acquired from both the anatomical part and the image receptor

A

Image Contrast

21
Q

are described as subject and image receptor (film) contrast

A

Image Contrast

22
Q

the difference between two adjacent densities

A

Film Contrast

23
Q

is the range of densities that the film is capable of recording

A

Image Receptor Contrast / Film Contrast

24
Q

Film contrast depends on four (4) factors:

A
  1. ) Intensifying screens
  2. ) Film density
  3. ) the D log E curve
  4. ) Processing
25
Q

create an inherently higher contrast image

A

Intensifying screens

26
Q

First film

A

Glass Plates

27
Q

Highly Flammable

A

Cellulose Nitrate

28
Q

Easily Torn

A

Cellulose Nitrate

29
Q

Responsible for many fires in hospital basements

A

Cellulose Nitrate

30
Q

Types of Films

A

Glass Film,
Cellulose Nitrate,
Cellulose Triacetate/Polyester

31
Q

changes dramatically when a film designed for exposure by light is exposed directly to x-rays

A

The D log E curve

32
Q

has a negligible effect on contrast

A

Changing screen speed

33
Q

controls slope of characteristic curve

A

Contrast

34
Q

also changes with changes in Film contrast

A

Film Density

35
Q

Excessive or inadequate film density _____ contrast

A

decreases

36
Q

radiation and light-sensitive layer

A

Emulsion

37
Q

activated by light and radiation to create image

A

Photographically active layer

38
Q

Increasing film developer time, temperature or replenishment rate will increase the chemical fog on the film

A

Film Processing

39
Q

the primary processing factors that cause objectionable fog levels

A

Developer temperature

and immersion time, replenishment and developer contamination

40
Q

Chemical Processing

A
  1. Developer
  2. Stop Bath
  3. Fixer
41
Q

Digital contamination by _____ causes increased fog and decreased contrast because the chemical ability of the
developer reducing agents is seriously impaired by the pH change in the solution

A

Fixer

42
Q

the primary method for adjusting contrast with digital imaging systems, is through _______

A

Window Width Manipulations (Digital Image Receptors)

43
Q

In fact, in most instances ______ provides more information. It provides more differences in density even though the difference between densities is less.

A

low contrast

44
Q

The image receptor records many densities that _____ be

seen by the human eye

A

cannot

45
Q

________ of the range of densities separates the physical contrast that is actually recorded by
the image receptor from the visible contrast that can be
perceived by the viewer on a single image

A

Compression or expansion

46
Q

Exact reason is unknown, contrast is
always ______ for a film exposed to x-rays only than it is for the same film exposed to light from intensifying
screens

A

lower

47
Q

The primary determinant of the shape of

the D log E curve is the physical composition of the

A

film emulsion

RT 204 (11 decks)

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