2. Radiographic Contrast I

Question 1

is the two properties that comprise visibility of

detail

Answer 1

Contrast

Question 2

Refers to the fact that the image is visible to the human eye only because sufficient contrast (and density) exists to permit the structural details to be perceived

Answer 2

Visibility of detail

Question 3

is the difference between adjacent densities

Answer 3

Image contrast

Question 4

Describes the concept of contrast as it is displayed on a soft-copy monitor for digital images

Answer 4

Dynamic range

Question 5

is the proper term for the range of density/ brightness of the display monitor light emission

Answer 5

Dynamic range

Question 6

accurately describes the digital processing that produces changes in the range of density/brightness, so its also is appropriate to use when controlling image contrast

Answer 6

Window width

Question 7

When the differences between adjacent densities that comprise contrast are great, the image is described as ____ contrast and will result in fewer discernible shades of gray

Answer 7

high

Question 8

when the differences are minimal

Answer 8

Low Contrast

Question 9

Many shades of gray
Decreased contrast
High kVp
Long scale of contrast
Large (wide) dynamic range / window width

Answer 9

Low Contrast

Question 10

is the number of useful visible densities or shades of gray

Answer 10

Scale of contrast

Question 11

refers to an image that demonstrates considerable or maximal differences between densities and has a minimal total number of densities

Answer 11

Short scale of contrast

Question 12

also called high contrast, or increase contrast

Answer 12

SHort scale contrast

Question 13

Few shades of gray 
Increased contrast
Low kVp 
Short scale contrast 
Short (narrow) dynamic range / window width

Answer 13

High Contrast

Question 14

refers to an image that demonstrates slight or minimal differences between densities but has a maximal total number of densities

Answer 14

Long scale of contrast

Question 15

also called LOw contrast or decrease contrast

Answer 15

LOng scale contrast

Question 16

is the total range of density values recorded by the image receptor

Answer 16

Physical contrast

Question 17

is the maximum contrast possible and its most accurate representation of the varying intensities present in the x-ray beam after it has passed through the subject

Answer 17

Physical contrast

Question 18

is the total range of density values that can be perceived by the human eye in a single image

Answer 18

Visible contrast

Question 19

A portion of the physical contrast and comprises the information from which diagnosis is made

Answer 19

Visible contrast

Question 20

it is the total amount of contrast acquired from both the anatomical part and the image receptor

Answer 20

Image Contrast

Question 21

are described as subject and image receptor (film) contrast

Answer 21

Image Contrast

Question 22

the difference between two adjacent densities

Answer 22

Film Contrast

Question 23

is the range of densities that the film is capable of recording

Answer 23

Image Receptor Contrast / Film Contrast

Question 24

Film contrast depends on four (4) factors:

Answer 24

1. ) Intensifying screens
2. ) Film density
3. ) the D log E curve
4. ) Processing

Question 25

create an inherently higher contrast image

Answer 25

Intensifying screens

Question 26

First film

Answer 26

Glass Plates

Question 27

Highly Flammable

Answer 27

Cellulose Nitrate

Question 28

Easily Torn

Answer 28

Cellulose Nitrate

Question 29

Responsible for many fires in hospital basements

Answer 29

Cellulose Nitrate

Question 30

Types of Films

Answer 30

Glass Film, Cellulose Nitrate, Cellulose Triacetate/Polyester

Question 31

changes dramatically when a film designed for exposure by light is exposed directly to x-rays

Answer 31

The D log E curve

Question 32

has a negligible effect on contrast

Answer 32

Changing screen speed

Question 33

controls slope of characteristic curve

Answer 33

Contrast

Question 34

also changes with changes in Film contrast

Answer 34

Film Density

Question 35

Excessive or inadequate film density _____ contrast

Answer 35

decreases

Question 36

radiation and light-sensitive layer

Answer 36

Emulsion

Question 37

activated by light and radiation to create image

Answer 37

Photographically active layer

Question 38

Increasing film developer time, temperature or replenishment rate will increase the chemical fog on the film

Answer 38

Film Processing

Question 39

the primary processing factors that cause objectionable fog levels

Answer 39

Developer temperature | and immersion time, replenishment and developer contamination

Question 40

Chemical Processing

Answer 40

1. Developer 2. Stop Bath 3. Fixer

Question 41

Digital contamination by _____ causes increased fog and decreased contrast because the chemical ability of the developer reducing agents is seriously impaired by the pH change in the solution

Answer 41

Fixer

Question 42

the primary method for adjusting contrast with digital imaging systems, is through _______

Answer 42

Window Width Manipulations (Digital Image Receptors)

Question 43

In fact, in most instances ______ provides more information. It provides more differences in density even though the difference between densities is less.

Answer 43

low contrast

Question 44

The image receptor records many densities that _____ be | seen by the human eye

Answer 44

cannot

Question 45

________ of the range of densities separates the physical contrast that is actually recorded by the image receptor from the visible contrast that can be perceived by the viewer on a single image

Answer 45

Compression or expansion

Question 46

Exact reason is unknown, contrast is always ______ for a film exposed to x-rays only than it is for the same film exposed to light from intensifying screens

Answer 46

lower

Question 47

The primary determinant of the shape of | the D log E curve is the physical composition of the

Answer 47

film emulsion