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Behavioral Dynamics > 2. Psychological Development and principles of Psychotherapy > Flashcards

2. Psychological Development and principles of Psychotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are psychodynamics?

A

Collective aggregate of conscious and unconscious factors that influence personality, behavior and attitudes.
“Internal discussion”

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2
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

Method of treating mental and emotional disorders based around revealing and investigating the role of unconscious and conscious psychological processes

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3
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

Use of verbal methods to influence another person’s mental and emotional state.

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4
Q

What are the pieces of Freudian Theory?

A

Id
Ego
Superego
Ego Defense

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5
Q

What is the Id?

A

“Greedy inner child”
Primal instincts and desires seeking gratification and pleasure. Think sexual.

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6
Q

What is the Superego?

A

Quest for perfection, conscience
Image of what we want to be based off of philosophical and moral ideals

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7
Q

What is the Ego?

A

Grown up self
The reason, self control, and compromise that balances consequences with desire for gratification.

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8
Q

What are ego defense mechanisms?

A

Strategies to reduce anxiety from thoughts and desires

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9
Q

What is a mature ego defense?

A

One that doesn’t compromise other functioning

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10
Q

What is a primitive ego defense?

A

Irrational immature behavior that can be dysfunctional.

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11
Q

What determines the type of ego defense used?

A

Psychological maturity
Developmental maturity
Intensity of distress or anxiety

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12
Q

What is a Regression Ego defense mechanism?

A

Retreating to an earlier stage of development

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13
Q

What is a Denial Ego defense mechanism?

A

Behaving as though things are different than they really are, can border on delusion

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14
Q

What is the projection ego defense mechanism?

A

Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to another person, can be used as an excuse for one’s feelings.

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15
Q

What is an intellectualization ego defense mechanism?

A

Focusing on minor, often unimportant details of a situation rather than addressing the main, central conflict

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16
Q

What is a Repression Ego defense mechanism?

A

Placing disagreeable or unacceptable thoughts in the subconsious mind rather than dealing with them

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17
Q

What is a Displacement Ego defense mechanism?

A

Expressing feelings or impulses toward one person or group onto another person or object that is less threatening.

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18
Q

What is a rationalizing Ego defense mechanism?

A

Interpreting an event by cognitively distorting the facts and making excuses or lying to ourselves

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19
Q

What is a Dissociation Ego defense mechanism?

A

Disconnecting from a stressful situation by pursuing an alternative reality. May be associated with a fantasy world or daydream

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20
Q

What is a Reaction Formation Ego defense mechanism?

A

A person goes beyond denial and acts opposite to what they think or feel, may occur if you have tow conflicting emotions close together

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21
Q

What is a Supression Ego defense mechanism?

A

Repression except thoughts are put into the subconscious intentionally and are usually dealt with at a later date. (Mature and effective)

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22
Q

What is a Sublimation Ego defense mechanism?

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially appropriate activities allowing one to use the energy in better ways (Mature and effective)

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23
Q

What is reality testing?

A

Distinguishes what is happening in one’s own mind from what is going on in the outside world.

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24
Q

What is impulse control?

A

Managing impulses without immediate discharge through behavior of symptoms.

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25
Q

What is affect regulation?

A

Modulating feelings without being overwhelmed

26
Q

What is judgement?

A

Acting responsibly by identifying potential course of actions , anticipating and evaluating consequences and deciding on a course of action

27
Q

What is synthetic functioning?

A

Organizing and unifying other functions within the personality

28
Q

What is the Erik Erikson theory of ego psychology?

A

Each person goes through 8 stages throughout their lifetime each with a specific issue, environment, central questions and virtue.

29
Q

What is Erik Erikson’s theory based off of?

A

Relationships, rather than sexual impulses/drive

30
Q

What is self derived from?

A

Their perception of their identity, personal awareness and personal experiences, including self esteem

31
Q

What are the pros of psychodynamic theory?

A

Focus on how the past can influence the present behavior
Acknowledges the impact of the subconscious
Therapy does seem to help many patients.

32
Q

What are the cons of psychodynamic theory?

A

Ignores biological components
Depends on therapist interpretation
Can focus too much on the past, under-emphasizing the present
Not scientifically proven

33
Q

What is the humanistic perspective?

A

Belief that humans are basically good and will mature in to emotionally healthy adults. Any failure is due to caregivers

34
Q

What treatment is used in the humanistic perspective?

A

Client centered therapy
Nourishes the natural development and encourages self actualization

35
Q

What is the behaviorist perspective?

A

Belief that the behavior is determined by the environment and we are born a blank state

36
Q

What is. the goal in behaviorist therapy?

A

Alter offensive stimuli or recondition the patient to choose constructive behaviors

37
Q

What is cognitive theory?

A

Theory that all thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected

38
Q

What is behavioral theory?

A

Looks at people’s learned behaviors and how the environment has an impact on those behaviors

39
Q

What are automatic thoughts?

A

Thoughts triggered by the day’s events

40
Q

What are irrational assumptions?

A

Distorted assumptions that people hold about the world themselves without being aware of them

41
Q

What is arbitrary inference?

A

Drawing unwarranted conclusions on the basis of little or no evidence

42
Q

What is selective abstraction?

A

Drawing conclusions on the basis of a single piece of data while ignoring contradictory data

43
Q

What is personalization?

A

Taking the blame for something that is clearly not one’s fault

44
Q

What is overgeneralization?

A

Drawing a general conclusion on the basis of a single, sometimes insignificant event

45
Q

What is magnification?

A

overestimating the importance of negative events

46
Q

What is minimization?

A

underestimating the importance of positive events

47
Q

What is the hierarchy of needs?

A

The idea that basic needs must be fulfilled before one can advance on to the next level

48
Q

What is classic conditioning?

A

A response that occurs naturally in response to one stimulus will eventually occur in response to an unrelated stimulus if the two stimuli occur together consistently

49
Q

What is the unconditioned stimulus?

A

Stimulus that produces a response without conditioning
(altoid)

50
Q

What is the unconditioned response?

A

Response to unconditioned stimulus
(hand out for mint)

51
Q

What is the conditioned stimulus?

A

A neutral stimulus that later elicits a response
(computer start up sound)

52
Q

What is the conditioned response?

A

A response to a conditioned stimulus
Hand extended, need for a mint

53
Q

What is generalization?

A

When stimuli that have not been conditioned produce the same response as the CS because they are physically or functionally similar to the original CS

54
Q

What is extinction?

A

The process of unlearning a conditioned response so that the CS no longer produces the CR

55
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

56
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Removal of already present aversive stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

57
Q

What is punishment?

A

Application of aversive stimulus after a behavior decreases the behavior

58
Q

What is response cost?

A

Removing a positive reinforcer decreases the behavior

59
Q

What is discriminative stimuli?

A

Stimuli that signal the availability of reinforcement

60
Q

What is extinction?

A

Occurs when behavior is no longer reinforced. Rate depends on the history of reinforcement. Can be continuous or intermittent.

61
Q

What is secondary reward conditioning?

A

Instrumental behavior to get a stimulus has no usefulness itself but has been associated with a significant stimulus.

62
Q

What is avoidance conditioning?

A

Response to a cue is instrumental in avoiding a painful or otherwise harmful or negative experience.

Behavioral Dynamics (5 decks)

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