2 Prescribing in Medical Emergencies Flashcards
What is the time best time to take mast cell tryptase?
1-2 hours
How long should you monitor people after anaphylaxis onset?
6-12 hours
How much adrenaline is given to an adult in anaphylaxis?
500 micrograms
If a patient is allergic to penicillin which class of drugs can they have?
- Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline)
- Macrolides (e.g. clarithromycin)
- Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin)
- Glycopeptides
What are the signs of type 1 allergic drug reaction?
- Urticaria
- Itching
- Angioexema
- Bronchospasm
- Hypotension
What is the yellow card scheme?
Used for reporting serious adverse reactions
Can patients be allergic to a specific brand of a medicine?
Yes
Can patients be allergic to an excipient that may be present in many preperations?
Yes
Is it important to identify non-drug akllergy is important when prescribing medicines?
Yes
What do you need to write for an allergy on a drug chart?
How quick can an allergic reaction occur after exposure?
minutes to two hours
What drug can cause pure angioedema after many years of taking the drug?
ACE inhibitors
What are names of types of rashes that are not from an allergic reaction?
- Morbiliform rash
- Eryrthema multiforme
- Fixed drug eruptions
- Photosensitivity
Which monobactam can you prescribe to patients with a penicillin allergy?
Aztreonam
If a patient develops angioedema with an ACE inhibitor what could you give them instead?
Angiotension-2-converting enzyme
What co-existing conditions make you more likely to have an allergic reaction?
- HIV
- EBV
- CMV
- Cystic fibrosis
What are the common drug causes for an allergic reaction?
- Chlorhexidine
- Non beta-lactam natimicrobials
- NSAIDs
- Muscle relaxants
- Opoid analgesics
- Penicillins and other beta-lactams
- Plasma expanders
- Radiocontrast media
- Non-depolarsing nueromuscular agents (e.g. rocuronium)
What are the common drugs to cause allergic reaction during anaesthesia?
- Colloids
- NMBAs
- Ondansetron, propofol
What is thr definition of an anaphylaxis reaction?
Severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction
What are the different types of auto-injectors?
- EpiPen
- Emerade
- Jext
HOW MUCH URINE WILL A HEALTHY PERSON PASS?
1ml/kg/hour
What should you assess when assessing hydration status?
- Blood pressure
- Capillary refill time
- Fluid balance charts
- Response to straight leg raise
- Skin tugor
- Weight
What do hypertonic solutions do?
What is an example of hypertonic solution?
- Draw fluid out of cells
- Mannitol
What fluid losses should you look at when prescribing fluids?
- Urine output
- Insensible losses
What do you have to look at when prescribing fluids?
- How much oral intake they are having
