2. Predictors of successful aging Flashcards
What are the three R’s that helped Esther get to 100 years of age?
Resolution
Resourcefulness
Resilience
Successful aging is or is not something that begins in later life?
IS NOT - accumulation of where and how we have lived our lives, experiences, etc.
HOW WE CARE FOR OURSELVES AND MANAGE OUR LIVES
Model of successful aging from the WHO: name the predictors
Genetics
Health and social services
Lifestyle choices and behaviors
Psychological attributes
Life events
SES
Physical and social environment
Culture and gender
How much does genetics determine the aging process?
20 to 30??
Modern biological theories of aging - 2 main categories
- Programmed theory
- Damage theory
Define programmed theory
Aging follows a biological timetable that depends on changes in gene expression affecting the systems responsible for maintenance, repair and defense responses
Define damage theory
Environmental stress to living organisms would induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging
4 sub-categories of programmed theory
Programmed longevity
Endocrine theory
Immunological theory
Hayflick immunological theory
What is the programmed longevity
aging is the result of a sequential switching ON and OFF of certain genes
What is the endocrine theory
Biological clocks
Hormones to control the pace of aging
INSULIN
What is the immunological theory
immune system is programmed to decline over time
5 sub-categories of damage or error theory
- Wear and tear
- Rate of living
- Cross-linking
- Free radicals
- Somatic DNA theory
What is Hayflick’s immunological theoru?
Normal cell can only replicate and divide 40-60x before they start breaking down
What is wear and tear theory
Cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out resulting in aging
What is the cross-linking theory
Accumulation of cross-linked proteins would damage cells and tissues
Relationship between HR and life expectancy
Higher HR have shorter life expectancy
What is rate of living theory
the greater the organism’s rate of oxygen basal metabolism, the shorter the life span
What is free radicals theory
They cause damage to the macromolecular component of the cells
What is the somatic DNA damage theory
Genetic mutations and damage to the mitochondrial DNA
Which animal lives the longest vs the shortest?
Shortest - DRAGONFLY
Longest - GIANT TORTOISE
What are free radicals?
Atoms or groups of atoms with an odd number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules
In the Hayflick Limit theory of aging, what is the component of the chromosome that shorten, and eventually causes the cell division stops
Telomeres
What are the 4 barriers to exercise?
- Fear of falling and injury
- Lack of self-motivation
- Lack of knowledge or experience with exercise
- Lack of time
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike programs of moderate intensity
Like
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike programs to be convenient
Like
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike programs to be competitive
Dislike
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike programs to be inexpensive
Like
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike unstructured, independent PA
Like
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike group exercise programs
Dislike
The majority of OA: Like or Dislike home programs (increase adherence)
Like
Step #1 to improve exercise program adoption and adherence
Explore expectations and exercise objectives
Step #2 to improve exercise program adoption and adherence
Set goals
Your role in step #2 - set goals
Ask questions + request clarifications
Characteristics of good goals
Measurable
Specific
Realistic
Behavioral
Define measurable goal
Your participant can determine whether or not the goal was met
Define specific goal
Target a specific area for improvement
Define realistic goal
Goal that your participant is sure to achieve = increase self-efficacy
Define behavioral goal
Goals that are outcome-oriented are harder to achieve than goals that are behavioral
What are the 2 myths in the active OA
Myth #1: You have to be healthy to exercise
Myth #2: I am too old to start exercising
What is FITT
Frequency
Intensity
Type
Time
Why were 1-RM measurements repeated at monthly intervals?
To readjust workload intensity because 1-RM improved
Myth #3
You need special clothing and equipment
Myth #4
No pain no gain
Myth #5
I am too busy to exercise
The focus of research studies the effect of PA on psychological well-being on 3 things:
- Self-esteem
- Self-efficacy
- General well-being
Cognitive function involves a combination of skills
Memory
Attention span
Learning (adaptation)
Goal setting
Decision making
Problem solving
Which type of PA is more efficient in maintaining cognitive function?
Aerobic + strength
Results from the study between PA and cognitive function, showed that PA had the greatest impact on:
Performance of executive control tasks (complex tasks)
In class activity: Hazel miller
Engagement
In class activity: Otto Seidel
Memory
In class activity: Esther Tuttle
Genes, being conscious of your body, eat + drink in moderation
In class activity: Mae Anderman
Genes, mobility, family, living in the present
In class activity: Phil Damsky
Take things as they come, good appetite, enjoy every min of your life
In class activity: Travilla Deming
Good mood!
