2. Population and Development

Question 1

What is GDP?

Answer 1

Gross Domestic Product

Tells you the wealth of a country

Question 2

How do you comment on global patterns?

Answer 2

Mention areas, e.g. North America, South America, Central (sub-saharan) Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, etc.
Comment on how much money they have, (wealthy, average, or poor)

Question 3

How do you compare development?

Answer 3

Talk about how many times higher/ lower an indicator is (e.g. …has a fertility rate three times higher than…)

What different indicators suggest about a country
(This is another indicator that… is more developed than…)

Question 4

How can development be measured?

Answer 4

Using development indicators, which are any statistics or data that suggest something about the countries level of development

Question 5

What are economic indicators?

Answer 5

Economic indicators are measures that relate to the wealth and employment within a country

Question 6

Give examples of economic indicators

Answer 6

GDP, energy used per person, % working in agriculture

Question 7

What are social indicators?

Answer 7

Social indicators measure the quality of peoples lives

Question 8

Give examples of social indicators

Answer 8

Life expectancy, literacy rate, population per doctor, infant mortality, calories per person per day

Question 9

What indicators are effected by GDP?

Answer 9

Country can’t afford;

Education - (Literacy rates fall)
Substantial healthcare - (person per doctor falls, infant mortality rises, disease levels rise)

Question 10

What is indicated by high % working in agriculture?

Answer 10

GDP is low, people don’t earn much
Only farm enough to feed family, no extra to sell
No machinery, can’t get a lot done, need to employ more people
Fertility rates are high as they need lots of kids to work on farm, therefore female literacy is low, as they are either working on the farm, or losing after young kids while parent farm - can’t got to school

Question 11

What is an index?

Answer 11

Indexes include multiple indicators to give a more rounded view of the countries development

Question 12

Why are indexes better than indicators?

Answer 12

Indicators only show one aspect of life in a country, whereas indicators show multiple - this is good as sometimes the GDP can be high, but still be a developing country

Question 13

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer 13

It is an index measured by:

Life expectancy,
Average number of years a child stays in school,
The countries GNI (like GDP)

Each country is ranked, scoring up to a possible 1 in each category. This is then divided by three to give an average

Question 14

What are some physical factors affecting development?

Answer 14

The climate, the relief of the land, resource distribution, the environment, natural disasters.

Question 15

What are some human factors affecting development?

Answer 15

Rapidly growing populations, industrialisation, the role of the government, colonialism, investment in health and education.

Question 16

Birth rates are defined as ‘The number of babies born from every 1000 people in a population per day’?

True of False?

Answer 16

False

Birth rates are defined as ‘The number of babies born from every 1000 people in a population per YEAR’

Question 17

Fertility rates are described as ‘The average number of children a women will have in her life’?

True or False?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Most densely populated areas are in developing countries rather than developed countries.

True or False?

Answer 18

False

Most densely populated areas are in developed countries, usually in cities

Whereas in developing countries populations are more spread out with 2/3 of people in rural areas

Question 19

What are some physical factors affecting distribution and densities?

Answer 19

Coastal - Positive - trade, warmer, attractive
Access to fresh water - Positive - irrigate crops, drink, fish
Temperate climate - Positive - sun allows crops to grow, also rains occasionally - again crops grow

Steep relief - Negative - Can’t build, can’t transport goods, can’t grow crops
Bad quality DIRT - Influences how much people can grow

Question 20

What are some human factors affecting distribution and densities?

Answer 20

Transport and accessible - Positive - easy to trade, attracts industry
Natural resources - Positive - worth lots of money, attracts people - work, businesses pop up

Question 21

How do you interpret population pyramids?

Answer 21

Give year with percentage and age group, then move up years, saying how much it increased/ decreased by

Question 22

What are some of the problems created by an ageing population?

Answer 22

Elderly - Not working - but need pensions - can’t afford, more medical care required - money, also need retirement homes/ carers - money, physical problems getting around - ramps installed, lifts - money

Working - Fewer workers - not as much tax being paid - may have to increase, migrants will need to fill jobs, wages will be increased - which means companies may not invest in UK

Fewer babies - Schools will shut down, fewer adults in the future - even less working

Question 23

What are some of the problems created by a youthful population?

Answer 23

When all the young people get to a working age there aren’t going to be enough jobs, education will be stretched to try and fit all the young, isn’t going to be enough room for all the houses that will need to be built for them, expanding population - means lack of food and clean water