2. Population and Development Flashcards
What is GDP?
Gross Domestic Product
Tells you the wealth of a country
How do you comment on global patterns?
Mention areas, e.g. North America, South America, Central (sub-saharan) Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, etc.
Comment on how much money they have, (wealthy, average, or poor)
How do you compare development?
Talk about how many times higher/ lower an indicator is (e.g. …has a fertility rate three times higher than…)
What different indicators suggest about a country
(This is another indicator that… is more developed than…)
How can development be measured?
Using development indicators, which are any statistics or data that suggest something about the countries level of development
What are economic indicators?
Economic indicators are measures that relate to the wealth and employment within a country
Give examples of economic indicators
GDP, energy used per person, % working in agriculture
What are social indicators?
Social indicators measure the quality of peoples lives
Give examples of social indicators
Life expectancy, literacy rate, population per doctor, infant mortality, calories per person per day
What indicators are effected by GDP?
Country can’t afford;
Education - (Literacy rates fall)
Substantial healthcare - (person per doctor falls, infant mortality rises, disease levels rise)
What is indicated by high % working in agriculture?
GDP is low, people don’t earn much
Only farm enough to feed family, no extra to sell
No machinery, can’t get a lot done, need to employ more people
Fertility rates are high as they need lots of kids to work on farm, therefore female literacy is low, as they are either working on the farm, or losing after young kids while parent farm - can’t got to school
What is an index?
Indexes include multiple indicators to give a more rounded view of the countries development
Why are indexes better than indicators?
Indicators only show one aspect of life in a country, whereas indicators show multiple - this is good as sometimes the GDP can be high, but still be a developing country
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
It is an index measured by:
Life expectancy,
Average number of years a child stays in school,
The countries GNI (like GDP)
Each country is ranked, scoring up to a possible 1 in each category. This is then divided by three to give an average
What are some physical factors affecting development?
The climate, the relief of the land, resource distribution, the environment, natural disasters.
What are some human factors affecting development?
Rapidly growing populations, industrialisation, the role of the government, colonialism, investment in health and education.
Birth rates are defined as ‘The number of babies born from every 1000 people in a population per day’?
True of False?
False
Birth rates are defined as ‘The number of babies born from every 1000 people in a population per YEAR’
Fertility rates are described as ‘The average number of children a women will have in her life’?
True or False?
True
Most densely populated areas are in developing countries rather than developed countries.
True or False?
False
Most densely populated areas are in developed countries, usually in cities
Whereas in developing countries populations are more spread out with 2/3 of people in rural areas
What are some physical factors affecting distribution and densities?
Coastal - Positive - trade, warmer, attractive
Access to fresh water - Positive - irrigate crops, drink, fish
Temperate climate - Positive - sun allows crops to grow, also rains occasionally - again crops grow
Steep relief - Negative - Can’t build, can’t transport goods, can’t grow crops
Bad quality DIRT - Influences how much people can grow
What are some human factors affecting distribution and densities?
Transport and accessible - Positive - easy to trade, attracts industry
Natural resources - Positive - worth lots of money, attracts people - work, businesses pop up
How do you interpret population pyramids?
Give year with percentage and age group, then move up years, saying how much it increased/ decreased by
What are some of the problems created by an ageing population?
Elderly - Not working - but need pensions - can’t afford, more medical care required - money, also need retirement homes/ carers - money, physical problems getting around - ramps installed, lifts - money
Working - Fewer workers - not as much tax being paid - may have to increase, migrants will need to fill jobs, wages will be increased - which means companies may not invest in UK
Fewer babies - Schools will shut down, fewer adults in the future - even less working
What are some of the problems created by a youthful population?
When all the young people get to a working age there aren’t going to be enough jobs, education will be stretched to try and fit all the young, isn’t going to be enough room for all the houses that will need to be built for them, expanding population - means lack of food and clean water
