2 Political Parties : 2.2 Flashcards by min woolford

when were the conservatives formed

17th Century

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what do the conservatives defend

DEFENCE
-historic privileges of the crown
-church of England
-powerful landowning institutions

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what was the party dedicated to in peel’s rule

-GRADUAL reform
-ESTABLISHED institutions conserved
-TRADITIONAL authority
-AGAINST threat of revolutions

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What did the ‘New Right’ believe in

-PROTECT national sovereignty in European Union
-PRIVATIZATION of industries
-LEGAL LIMITS to trade unions power
-LAW and order
-ASSERTION of British interests abroad (Reagan)
-TAX CUTS to boost economy with business leaders (less state intervention)

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David Cameron was interested in

-Environment
-the NHS
-tolerated minorities and different lifestyles

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what is an example of David Cameron being progressive

-legalisation of gay marriage 2013

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David Cameron’s ECONOMIC POLICY

-BUDGET deficit reduced
-BLAMED BLAIR for 2007 economic crisis
- AUSTERITY
-reduced WHITEHALL departments budgets by 25% (except for education and NHS)

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David Cameron’s WELFARE POLICY

-‘strivers’ and ‘shirkers’ (deserving and undeserving poor
-‘universal credit’ merges a number of in-work benefits
= more people taking employment

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David Cameron’s LAW & ORDER

-‘hug a hoodie’ = empathy to young offenders
‘rehabilitation (payment by result) scheme
-“tough on crime and causes of crime”

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David Cameron’s FOREIGN POLICY

-Strong links with USA
-supported air strikes on terrorist groups
-pragmatic eurosceptism
-resigned in 2016 = Brexit

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when was the Labour party founded

1900

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what was the purpose of the ‘Labour Representation Committee’ 1906

-get more working MPs into parliament
-improve working and living conditions for working class

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What is Clause 4

‘common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange’

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What important changes did Clement Atlee do

NATIONALISE
-coal
-railways
-aviation
-power
-steel
-comprehensive schools

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what did the Labour Government of 1945-79 believe in

-not demolishing capitalism, but MANAGING it
-try not to EXPLOIT the workforce
-the WELFARE estate and creating equality
-creating OPPORTUNITIES (like making comprehensive schools)

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What were Blair’s Policies

-stop CLAUSE 4
-trade UNION downgraded
-links with BUSINESS community
-pro-EUROPEAN
-protected WORKER’S rights (SOCIAL CHAPTER)
-dropped UNPOPULAR policies

why was ‘New Labour’ a ‘third way’

between old-style socialism and free-market capitalism

NEW LABOUR : economics

-STANDARDS of life = hard work
-wealth CREATION than redistribution
-INEQUALITY was not a priority
-national MINIMUM wage (£3.60 per hour)

NEW LABOUR : law and order

-legal measures for ASBOs
‘tough on CRIME, tough on causes ACTIVITIES at certain place/time’
-conditions for welfare BENEFITS
-BANNING individuals from certain areas

NEW LABOUR: national interest

-conserving RESOURCES
-INVESTING in key services
-increase NATIONAL INSURANCE contributions

NEW LABOUR: private sector

-PRIVATE FINANCE INTIATIVE contracts were awarded to private firms building schools and hospitals

NEW LABOUR: 7/7 and 9/11 attacks

-HUMANS Rights Act 1998
-introduction of IDENTITY cards
-introduced longer time to detain someone in QUESTIONING
-opinions were closer to ACTIONS
-widening POLICE powers

CORBYN: economic policy

-large-scale funding for BUSINESSES
-reduce REGIONAL inequalities
-AUDITS
-NATIONALISATION of railways
-did NOT favour 50%

CORBYN: welfare policy

-wholly state run NHS
-opposed private sectors for public affairs
-opposed student tution fees

CORBYN: law and order

-didn’t agree on combating terrorism -didn’t agree on introducing identity cards

CORBYN: foreign policy

-wanted to withdraw UK from NATO -abolition of Trident nuclear weapons -2015 DEC voted against military intervention in ‘Islamic states’ -with free vote telling him to stay a British membership of the EU

characteristics of a classical liberal

-were committed above all to the freedom of the individual -wanted the state to play a minimal role in society.

what did the lib dems support in the 19th Century

-the extension of civil LIBERTIES to people who did not belong to the established Anglican Church -the widening of EDUCATIONAL opportunity -the widening of the FRANCHISE -for free TRADE

what Lib Dems like and dislike

DISLIKE -the Iraq War, identity cards -student tuition fees LIKE -in favour of a 50 per cent income tax rate on those earning more than £100,000.

LIBERAL DEMOCRATS : Economic Policy

-eliminating BUDGET deficit -raising basic INCOME-tax -fortifying COALITION with conservatives (fairer to the poor though) -use renewable ENERGY(like more offshore wind farms)

LIBERAL DEMOCRATS : Welfare Policy

-control spending on BENEFITS -UPRATING pensions -extending free CHILDCARE -INCREASE NHS funding

LIBERAL DEMOCRATS : Law and Order

-opposed ‘snoopers’ charter’ -opposed Communications Data Bill (monitoring internet use) -rehabilitation of prisoners -community service

LIBERAL DEMOCRATS : Foreign Policy

-British membership in EU