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2 People in Business Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

the reason why employees want to work harder and effectively.

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2
Q

What are the benefits to a well-motivated workforce?

A
  • high productivity
  • high output per worker
  • acceptance to change
  • two-way communication with management
  • low labour turnover
  • low absenteeism
  • low strike action
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3
Q

what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs?

A

a psychological theory that proposes human motivation stems from a hierarchy of five fundamental needs.

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of five fundamental needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A
  • physiological: wages to pay bills & food, rest, shelter
  • safety: job security, protection against danger & poverty
  • social: work colleagues who support, friendship, sense of belonging
  • esteem: recognition for a job well done, status, achievement, independence
  • self-actualization: promotion and more responsibility, succeeding to full potential, feeling accomplished
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5
Q

What is F.W. Taylor’s motivation theory?

A

If you pay the workers more, they’ll work harder.

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6
Q

What are some problems with Taylor’s theory?

A
  • too simplistic
  • unfulfilled workers won’t be effective
  • unable to measure an employee’s output
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7
Q

What are Herzberg’s motivational theories?

A

humans have two sets of needs
- basic needs (hygiene factors)
- motivational needs

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8
Q

What are the hygiene factors?

A
  • status
  • security
  • work conditions
  • company policies and administration
  • relationship with supervisor and subordinates
  • salary
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9
Q

What are the motivational needs?

A
  • achievement
  • recognition
  • personal growth
  • promotion
  • work itself
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9
Q

What is a wage?

A

payment for work, usually paid weekly.

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10
Q

What is piece rate?

A

an amount paid for each unit of output.

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10
Q

What are the financial methods of motivation?

A
  • wage
  • salary
  • bonus
  • commission
  • profit sharing
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11
Q

What is time rate?

A

the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work.

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12
Q

What is a salary?

A

payment for work, usually paid monthly.

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13
Q

What is a bonus?

A

an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work.

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14
Q

What is profit sharing?

A

a system whereby a portion of the company’s profits is paid out to employees.

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14
Q

What is a commission?

A

payment relating to the number of sales made.

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14
Q

What are fringe benefits?

A

other employee benefits.

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15
Q

What is job rotation?

A

workers swapping around and doing specific tasks for a limited time then changing again.

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15
Q

What is job satisfaction?

A

the enjoyment derived from feeling that you’ve done a good job.

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15
Q

What are the examples of fringe benefits?

A
  • company car
  • discounts on business products
  • paid healthcare
  • paid children’s educations fees
  • free accommodations
  • share options
  • pension
  • free trips abroad/holidays
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16
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility.

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17
Q

What is teamworking?

A

allocating specific tasks and responsibilities to groups of workers.

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18
Q

What is training?

A

the process of improving a worker’s skills.

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19
What is promotion?
the advancement of an employee in an organisation.
20
What is an organisational structure?
the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation.
21
What is an organisational chart?
a diagram that outlines the internal management infrastructure.
21
What is a hierarchy?
the levels of management in any organisation from highest to lowest.
21
What is a level of hierarchy?
managers/ supervisors / other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation.
22
What is a chain of command?
the structure in an organisation that allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management.
22
What is the span of control?
the number of subordinates working directly under a manager.
23
What are directors?
senior managers who lead a particular department/ division of a business.
24
What is a line manager?
they have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy.
25
What is a supervisor?
junior managers who have direct control over employees below them.
26
What are staff managers?
specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers.
27
What is delegation?
giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks.
28
What is autocratic leadership?
where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed.
29
What is democratic leadership?
gets other employees involved in the decision making process.
30
What is laissez-faire leadership?
making the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work.
31
How do you spell laissez-faire?
L-A-I-S-S-E-Z - F-A-I-R-E
32
What is a trade union?
a group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected.
33
What is a closed shop?
when all employees must be a member of the same trade union.
34
What is employee selection?
the process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting an individual for employment based on the needs of the organisation.
34
What is job specification?
a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc., for a specific job.
34
What is recruitment?
the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business.
35
What is job analysis?
identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job.
36
What is job description?
an outline of the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job.
37
What is internal recruitment?
when vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business.
38
What is external recruitment?
when vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to business.
39
What is part-time employment?
between 30 - 35 hours a week.
40
What is full-time employment?
35+ hours of work in a week.
41
What is induction training?
an introduction given to a new employee explaining the business's activities, customs, and procedures and introducing them to fellow workers.
42
What is on-the-job training?
watching a more experienced worker do the job.
43
What is off-the-job training?
involves being trained away from the workplace, usually by specific trainers.
44
What is redundancy?
when an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory.
44
What is dismissal?
when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working in accordance with the employment contract.
44
What is workforce planning?
establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required.
45
What is a contract of employment?
a legal agreement between an employer and an employee listing the rights and responsibilities of workers.
45
What is an industrial tribunal?
a type of law court that makes judgements on disagreements between companies and their employees.
45
What are the legal controls over employment?
- employment contracts - unfair dismissal - discrimination - health and safety - legal minimum wage
46
What is an ethical decision?
a decision taken by a manager/ company because if the moral code observed by the firm.
47
What is external communication?
communication between the organisation and other organisations/ individuals.
47
What is internal communication?
communication between members of the same organisation.
47
What is communication?
the transferring of a message from the sender to reciever who understands the message.
48
How do you chose an appropriate communication method?
- speed - cost - message details - leadership style - the receiver - importance of written record - importance of feedback
49
What is formal communication?
when messages are sent through established channels using professional language.
50
What is informal communication?
when information is sent and received casually using everyday language.
51
What are communication barriers?
factors that stop effective communication of messages.

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