2. People In Business

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

the reason why employees want to work hard and work effectively for the business

Question 2

Wage

Answer 2

a payment for work, usually paid weekly

Question 3

Time rate

Answer 3

the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work

Question 4

Piece rate

Answer 4

an amount paid for each unit of output

Question 5

Salary

Answer 5

payment for work, usually paid monthly

Question 6

Bonus

Answer 6

an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work

Question 7

Commission

Answer 7

payment relating to the number of sales made

Question 8

Profit sharing

Answer 8

a system whereby a proportion of the company’s profits are paid out to employees

Question 9

Job satisfaction

Answer 9

the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job

Question 10

Job rotation

Answer 10

workers swapping around and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing around again

Question 11

Job enrichment

Answer 11

looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more and/or responsibility

Question 12

Team-working

Answer 12

using groups of workers and allocating specific tasks and responsibilities to them

Question 13

Training

Answer 13

the process of improving a worker’s skills

Question 14

Promotion

Answer 14

the advancement of an employee in an organisation, for example, to a higher job/managerial level

Question 15

Organisational structure

Answer 15

levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation

Question 16

Organisational chart

Answer 16

a diagram that outlines the internal management structure

Question 17

Hierarchy

Answer 17

the levels of management in any organisation, from the highest to the lowest

Question 18

Level of hierarchy

Answer 18

managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation

Question 19

Chain of command

Answer 19

the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management

Question 20

Span of control

Answer 20

the number of subordinates working directly under a manger

Question 21

Director

Answer 21

senior managers who lead a particular department or a division of a business

Question 22

Line manager

Answer 22

have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation

Question 23

Supervisor

Answer 23

junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structure

Question 24

Staff manager

Answer 24

specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers

Question 25

Delegation

Answer 25

giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks

Question 26

Leadership style

Answer 26

different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in apposition of authority - autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire

Question 27

Autocratic leadership

Answer 27

where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed

Question 28

Democratic leadership

Answer 28

gets other employees involved in the decision-making process

Question 29

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 29

makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work

Question 30

Recruitment

Answer 30

the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business

Question 31

Job analysis

Answer 31

identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job

Question 32

Job description

Answer 32

outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job

Question 33

Job specification

Answer 33

a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc., for a specified job

Question 34

Internal recruitment

Answer 34

when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business

Question 35

External recruitment

Answer 35

when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business

Question 36

Induction training

Answer 36

an introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business's activities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers

Question 37

On-the-job training

Answer 37

by watching a more experienced worker doing the job

Question 38

Off-the-job training

Answer 38

being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainers

Question 39

Workforce planning

Answer 39

establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required

Question 40

Dismissal

Answer 40

when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working according to the employment contract

Question 41

Redundancy

Answer 41

when the employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory

Question 42

Contract of employment

Answer 42

a legal agreement between an employer and an employee, listing the rights and responsibilities of workers

Question 43

Communication

Answer 43

the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who understands the message

Question 44

Internal communication

Answer 44

communication between members of the same organisation

Question 45

External communication

Answer 45

communication between the organisation and other organisations or individuals

Question 46

Medium of communication

Answer 46

the method used to send a message e.g. a letter is a method of written communication and a meeting is a method of verbal communication

Question 47

Feedback

Answer 47

the reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived, been understood and, if necessary, acted upon

Question 48

One-way communication

Answer 48

a message which does not call for or require a response

Question 49

Two-way communication

Answer 49

when the receiver gives a response to the message and there is a discussion about it

Question 50

Formal communication

Answer 50

when messages are sent through established channels using professional language

Question 51

Informal communication

Answer 51

when information is sent and received casually using everyday language

Question 52

Communication barrier

Answer 52

factors that stop effective communication of messages