2. People In Business Flashcards
Motivation
the reason why employees want to work hard and work effectively for the business
Wage
a payment for work, usually paid weekly
Time rate
the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work
Piece rate
an amount paid for each unit of output
Salary
payment for work, usually paid monthly
Bonus
an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work
Commission
payment relating to the number of sales made
Profit sharing
a system whereby a proportion of the company’s profits are paid out to employees
Job satisfaction
the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job
Job rotation
workers swapping around and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing around again
Job enrichment
looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more and/or responsibility
Team-working
using groups of workers and allocating specific tasks and responsibilities to them
Training
the process of improving a worker’s skills
Promotion
the advancement of an employee in an organisation, for example, to a higher job/managerial level
Organisational structure
levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation
Organisational chart
a diagram that outlines the internal management structure
Hierarchy
the levels of management in any organisation, from the highest to the lowest
Level of hierarchy
managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation
Chain of command
the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management
Span of control
the number of subordinates working directly under a manger
Director
senior managers who lead a particular department or a division of a business
Line manager
have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation
Supervisor
junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structure
Staff manager
specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers
Delegation
giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks
Leadership style
different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in apposition of authority - autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire
Autocratic leadership
where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
Democratic leadership
gets other employees involved in the decision-making process
Laissez-faire leadership
makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work
Recruitment
the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business
Job analysis
identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job
Job description
outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job
Job specification
a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc., for a specified job
Internal recruitment
when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business
External recruitment
when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business
Induction training
an introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business’s activities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers
On-the-job training
by watching a more experienced worker doing the job
Off-the-job training
being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainers
Workforce planning
establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required
Dismissal
when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working according to the employment contract
Redundancy
when the employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory
Contract of employment
a legal agreement between an employer and an employee, listing the rights and responsibilities of workers
Communication
the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who understands the message
Internal communication
communication between members of the same organisation
External communication
communication between the organisation and other organisations or individuals
Medium of communication
the method used to send a message e.g. a letter is a method of written communication and a meeting is a method of verbal communication
Feedback
the reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived, been understood and, if necessary, acted upon
One-way communication
a message which does not call for or require a response
Two-way communication
when the receiver gives a response to the message and there is a discussion about it
Formal communication
when messages are sent through established channels using professional language
Informal communication
when information is sent and received casually using everyday language
Communication barrier
factors that stop effective communication of messages
