2. Natures/types Of Crime Flashcards
Common types of crime in medieval (c500-1500)era & which were particular to the time
Most common = theft about 73% of crimes
Murder = about 18.2%………
Forest laws-no cutting down trees for fuel or building or hunting deer.
Scolding-use of offensive language in public.
Vagrancy- esp after Black Death, survivors left wandering and looking for work/somewhere to live.
Treason- defying authority e.g peasants revolt against royal authority.
Heresy- spreading false Christian beliefs
What were criminals defined as after the Norman conquest and what offences did Norman laws highlight
Someone who had disturbed the kings peace.
Highlighted crimes against authority(crown&church) e.g treason,revolt,blasphemy and heresy.
Common types of crime in early modern(16th&17th centuries)
Vagrancy- sharp rise in poverty meant an increase in these wandering from place to place without a home or job. Wandering beggars who turned to crime. Used tricks to gain money from people e.g Abraham man-pretends to be mad in hopes that he would gain charity, clapper dudgeon- tied arsenic to skin so it would bleed, attracting sympathy while begging.
Heresy- religious disputes & divide after constant changing of faith between monarchs. Those who refused to follow the ‘official’ religion were accused of heresy, punishable by death. Crimes of heresy esp spiked between changes of religion back to catholic e.g to Bloody Mary (283 heretics executed in 5 years)
Treason- treason laws set up by Henry 8 and Elizabeth made denouncing monarchs authority and support of the pope treason
Common types of crime in industrial era (18&19th centuries)
Smuggling to avoid paying tax&customs duties. Paid better money than most jobs, many didn’t see it as a real crime and there was high demand for smuggled goods.
Highway robbery- better transport links and increased volume of traffic brought more opportunities for crime. People also becoming more wealthy and carried money on them due to limited banking. Decreases as London better policed and use of banking.
Pickpockets in crowded places became common, particularly children.
Vandalism and protest as a result of industrial and agrarian disorder during the Industrial Revolution- many crafts people without jobs as replaced by machines so resorted to violence and protest
Who were the luddites, why protest and how
Workers who lost jobs due to introduction of machines in cloth factories- broke into factories at night and destroyed new machines.
Who were the chartists, why protest and how?
Movement for democratic rights mainly applying to working class- demanded reform of parliament and granting of vote to all men aged 21+- 20,000 marching and gathering
What were the swing riots, why and how?
Gangs of protesters attacked property of rich farmers- mostly agricultural labourers who were angry about poverty + increased use of machines- arson & smashed up machines
Common types of crime in modern era(20&21st centuries)
Car ownership led to …theft of vehicles, theft from vehicles, car jacking snd joy riding.
Development of technology led to… cyber crime e.g viruses and phishing scams & hacking, cyberterrorism, copyright and a continuation of sexual crimes, intimidation & harassment.
Terrorism- use of violence and intimidation to obtain political demands- methods include hijacking’s, assassinations/killings, hostage taking, (suicide)bombings, cyber attacks, use of chemical weapons. E.g IRA Irish catholic group targeted armed forces and made attempts to kill pm and members of gov, Islamist terrorist groups suicide bombings and hijackings, far right terror attacks racists, homophobes, mysoginists wanted to replace democracy with dictatorship to enforce their ideas e.g EDL shot an mp during eu negotiations shouting ‘Britain 1st’
