2 MMR

Question 1

what is measles like

Answer 1

Highly contagious viral illness

Question 2

measles structure

Answer 2

Paramyxovirus (RNA) structure

Question 3

what is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in children

Answer 3

measles

Question 4

how is measles inactivated

Answer 4

Rapidly inactivated by heat and light

Question 5

how is measles transmitted

Answer 5

Respiratory transmission of virus

Transmission – respiratory airborne

Question 6

where does measles replicate

Answer 6

Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

Question 7

what happens after exposure to measles

Answer 7

• Primary viremia (presence of virus in blood) 2-3 days after exposure
• Secondary viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues

Question 8

what is the incubation period for measles

Answer 8

Incubation period 10-12 days

Question 9

what temperature does measles get to

Answer 9

Stepwise increase in fever to 103°F or higher

Question 10

what are the early symptoms of measles

Answer 10

Cough

runny nose

Question 11

what are the later symptoms of measles

Answer 11

14 days after exposure
> Rash: Begins on face and head, persists 5-6 days.
> Rash fades in order of appearance

Question 12

measles reservoir

Answer 12

humans

Question 13

what is the most contagious virus

Answer 13

measles

Question 14

what is the heard immunity for measles

Answer 14

~95%

Question 15

temporal pattern of measles

Answer 15

Peak in late winter–spring

Question 16

who usually gets measles

Answer 16

children

Question 17

Communicability of measles

Answer 17

4 days before to 4 days after rash onset

Question 18

composition of measles vaccine

Answer 18

live attenuated virus

Question 19

efficacy of measles

Answer 19

95% (range 90%-98%)

Question 20

duration of measles vaccination

Answer 20

immunity – lifelong

Question 21

vaccination of measles schedule

Answer 21

2 doses

Question 22

what is mumps

Answer 22

acute viral illness

Question 23

what is the structure of mumps virus

Answer 23

Paramyxovirus

RNA virus

Question 24

how is mumps inactivated

Answer 24

chemical agents, heat, and ultraviolet light

Question 25

how is mumps transmitted

Answer 25

Respiratory transmission of virus

Question 26

where is mumps replicated

Answer 26

nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

Question 27

what happens after exposure to mumps

Answer 27

- Viremia 12-25 days after exposure with spread to tissues | - Multiple tissues infected during viremia

Question 28

incubation period of mumps

Answer 28

14-18 days

Question 29

early symptoms of mumps

Answer 29

``` - Nonspecific early symptoms muscle pain tiredness headache low-grade fever - Major salivary gland inflammation (parotitis) in 30%-40% ```

Question 30

how many die from mumps a year

Answer 30

average 1

Question 31

transmission of mumps

Answer 31

respiratory drop nuclei

Question 32

mumps reservoir

Answer 32

humans

Question 33

temporal pattern mumps

Answer 33

peak in late winter and spring

Question 34

how many types of mumps antigens are there

Answer 34

one antigenic type

Question 35

effect of there only being one antigenic type of a virus

Answer 35

easier to make vaccines

Question 36

how long is mumps infectious to others for

Answer 36

Three days before to four days after onset of active disease

Question 37

mumps vaccine composition

Answer 37

live attenuated virus (Jeryl Lynn strain)

Question 38

mumps virus efficacy

Answer 38

87% (range 90-97%)

Question 39

mumps vaccine immunity

Answer 39

life

Question 40

why does mumps make you less fertile

Answer 40

inflammation of testicles

Question 41

rubella virus type

Answer 41

togavirus RNA virus

Question 42

how many rubella viruses are there

Answer 42

one antigenic type

Question 43

how is rubella inactivated

Answer 43

chemical agents, ultraviolet light, low pH, and heat

Question 44

how is rubella transmitted

Answer 44

respiratory

Question 45

where is rubella replicated

Answer 45

nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

Question 46

rubella exposure effect

Answer 46

- Viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues | - Placenta and fetus infected during viremia

Question 47

rubella incubation period

Answer 47

14 days (range 12-23 days)

Question 48

what are the early symptoms of rubella

Answer 48

low-grade fever etc. - Rash 14-17 days after exposure - Usually quite mild

Question 49

Congenital Rubella Syndrome where does it affect

Answer 49

may affect all organs

Question 50

what is the effect of Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Answer 50

- May lead to fetal death or premature delivery | - Severity of damage to fetus depends on gestational age

Question 51

effect of infants and congenital rubella infection

Answer 51

Up to 85% of infants affected if infected during first trimester

Question 52

Effects of congenital rubella

Answer 52

- Deafness - Heart defects - Liver and spleen damage

Question 53

reservoir for rubella

Answer 53

humans

Question 54

rubella transmission

Answer 54

respiratory (subclinical cases may transmit)

Question 55

temporal pattern of rubella

Answer 55

peak in late winter and spring

Question 56

when is rubella transmittable

Answer 56

7 days before to 5-7 days after rash onset Infants with CRS may shed virus for a year or more

Question 57

composition of rubella vaccine

Answer 57

live attenuated virus (RA 27/3 strain)

Question 58

efficacy of rubella

Answer 58

95% (range 90-97%)

Question 59

duration of rubella vaccine

Answer 59

life

Question 60

what is the recommended age for MMR vaccine

Answer 60

- 12 -15 months is the recommended and minimum age (more effective at 15 months) - MMR given before 12 months should not be counted as a valid dose - 2nd dose at 4-6 years

Question 61

MMR adverse reactions

Answer 61

fever 5-15% rash 5% deafness rare