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Medical Microbiology > 2 MMR > Flashcards

2 MMR Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is measles like

A

Highly contagious viral illness

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2
Q

measles structure

A

Paramyxovirus (RNA) structure

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3
Q

what is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in children

A

measles

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4
Q

how is measles inactivated

A

Rapidly inactivated by heat and light

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5
Q

how is measles transmitted

A

Respiratory transmission of virus

Transmission – respiratory airborne

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6
Q

where does measles replicate

A

Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

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7
Q

what happens after exposure to measles

A
  • Primary viremia (presence of virus in blood) 2-3 days after exposure
  • Secondary viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues
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8
Q

what is the incubation period for measles

A

Incubation period 10-12 days

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9
Q

what temperature does measles get to

A

Stepwise increase in fever to 103°F or higher

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10
Q

what are the early symptoms of measles

A

Cough

runny nose

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11
Q

what are the later symptoms of measles

A

14 days after exposure
> Rash: Begins on face and head, persists 5-6 days.
> Rash fades in order of appearance

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12
Q

measles reservoir

A

humans

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13
Q

what is the most contagious virus

A

measles

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14
Q

what is the heard immunity for measles

A

~95%

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15
Q

temporal pattern of measles

A

Peak in late winter–spring

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16
Q

who usually gets measles

A

children

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17
Q

Communicability of measles

A

4 days before to 4 days after rash onset

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18
Q

composition of measles vaccine

A

live attenuated virus

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19
Q

efficacy of measles

A

95% (range 90%-98%)

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20
Q

duration of measles vaccination

A

immunity – lifelong

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21
Q

vaccination of measles schedule

A

2 doses

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22
Q

what is mumps

A

acute viral illness

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23
Q

what is the structure of mumps virus

A

Paramyxovirus

RNA virus

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24
Q

how is mumps inactivated

A

chemical agents, heat, and ultraviolet light

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25
Q

how is mumps transmitted

A

Respiratory transmission of virus

26
Q

where is mumps replicated

A

nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

27
Q

what happens after exposure to mumps

A
  • Viremia 12-25 days after exposure with spread to tissues

- Multiple tissues infected during viremia

28
Q

incubation period of mumps

A

14-18 days

29
Q

early symptoms of mumps

A 
- Nonspecific early symptoms 
muscle pain 
tiredness
headache
low-grade fever 
- Major salivary gland inflammation (parotitis) in 30%-40%
30
Q

how many die from mumps a year

A

average 1

31
Q

transmission of mumps

A

respiratory drop nuclei

32
Q

mumps reservoir

A

humans

33
Q

temporal pattern mumps

A

peak in late winter and spring

34
Q

how many types of mumps antigens are there

A

one antigenic type

35
Q

effect of there only being one antigenic type of a virus

A

easier to make vaccines

36
Q

how long is mumps infectious to others for

A

Three days before to four days after onset of active disease

37
Q

mumps vaccine composition

A

live attenuated virus (Jeryl Lynn strain)

38
Q

mumps virus efficacy

A

87% (range 90-97%)

39
Q

mumps vaccine immunity

A

life

40
Q

why does mumps make you less fertile

A

inflammation of testicles

41
Q

rubella virus type

A

togavirus RNA virus

42
Q

how many rubella viruses are there

A

one antigenic type

43
Q

how is rubella inactivated

A

chemical agents, ultraviolet light, low pH, and heat

44
Q

how is rubella transmitted

A

respiratory

45
Q

where is rubella replicated

A

nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

46
Q

rubella exposure effect

A
  • Viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues

- Placenta and fetus infected during viremia

47
Q

rubella incubation period

A

14 days (range 12-23 days)

48
Q

what are the early symptoms of rubella

A

low-grade fever etc.

  • Rash 14-17 days after exposure
  • Usually quite mild
49
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome where does it affect

A

may affect all organs

50
Q

what is the effect of Congenital Rubella Syndrome

A
  • May lead to fetal death or premature delivery

- Severity of damage to fetus depends on gestational age

51
Q

effect of infants and congenital rubella infection

A

Up to 85% of infants affected if infected during first trimester

52
Q

Effects of congenital rubella

A
  • Deafness
  • Heart defects
  • Liver and spleen damage
53
Q

reservoir for rubella

A

humans

54
Q

rubella transmission

A

respiratory (subclinical cases may transmit)

55
Q

temporal pattern of rubella

A

peak in late winter and spring

56
Q

when is rubella transmittable

A

7 days before to 5-7 days after rash onset Infants with CRS may shed virus for a year or more

57
Q

composition of rubella vaccine

A

live attenuated virus (RA 27/3 strain)

58
Q

efficacy of rubella

A

95% (range 90-97%)

59
Q

duration of rubella vaccine

A

life

60
Q

what is the recommended age for MMR vaccine

A
  • 12 -15 months is the recommended and minimum age (more effective at 15 months)
  • MMR given before 12 months should not be counted as a valid dose
  • 2nd dose at 4-6 years
61
Q

MMR adverse reactions

A

fever 5-15%
rash 5%
deafness rare

Medical Microbiology (13 decks)

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