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TEXTBOOK FALL EXAM 2021 > 2. Microbiology and Smoking > Flashcards

2. Microbiology and Smoking Flashcards

1
Q

What papillae are present in the tongue?

A
  1. Filiform (Most Numerous)
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvellate
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2
Q

What antibodies are in GCF?

A

IgA

IgG

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3
Q

What are the seven levels of evidence supports the bacterial etiology of periodontal disease?

A
  1. Clinical Observation
  2. Perio Dx in germ free animals
  3. Observation of monoinfected animals
  4. Experimental disease in animals and humans
  5. Plaque control in humans
  6. Epidemiological Studies
  7. Pathogenic potential of bacterial plaque
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4
Q

Discuss Loe’s work in 1965

A
  1. Plaque causes gingivitis
  2. 10-21 days are required to develop clinically detectable gingivitis
  3. Resolves with OH in 1 week
  4. Plaque changes from gram (+) (90-100%) to gram (-) (40-50%)
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5
Q

Discuss the non specific plaque hypothesis

A

The whole bacteria community causes periodontal disease

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6
Q

Discuss the specific plaque hypothesis

A

Certain bacteria cause the disease

only about 20 bacteria that are associated with the progression of periodontal disease

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7
Q

What is the bacterial flora in health?

A
  1. gram-positive
  2. Non Motile
  3. Streptococci and Actinomyces

(majority (75-80%) is gram-positive Streptococci and Actinomyces)

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8
Q

What is the bacterial flora in gingivitis?

A

Gram + rods
A Viscous

Löe–> A. Viscosus was significantly associated with marginal gingivitis

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9
Q

What is the bacterial flora in perio dx

A
  1. Gram Negative
  2. Increasing motility
  3. S Sanguis, F Nucleatum
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10
Q

Bacterial Flora in ANUG

A

Spirochete - T Pallidium

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11
Q

Bacterial Flora in ANUP

A

50% are uncultivable

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12
Q

What bacterial flora in abscess

A

Gram - rods

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13
Q

What are the red complex bacteria

A
  1. T Forsythia
  2. T Denticola
  3. P Gingivalis
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14
Q

What are the virulence factor of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)? (6)

A
  1. Polysaccharide / LPS
  2. Leukotoxin
  3. Extracellular proteins
  4. GroEl heat shock protein
  5. Fimbriae
  6. Other membrane proteins
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15
Q

What are the Virulence Factors in T Denticola?

A
  1. LPS
  2. Flagellum
  3. Extracellular Proteolytic Enzyme
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16
Q

What are the Virulence Factors in T Forsythia

A
  1. LPS

2. Extracellular proteolytic enzymes

17
Q

What are the 6 Virulence Factors in P Gingivalis

A
  1. Capsule
  2. LPS
  3. Fimbriae
  4. GroEl heat shock proteins
  5. Extracellular proteolytic enzymes
  6. Haemaglutin’s
18
Q

Smoking is a systemic risk factor for what

A
  1. COPD
  2. MI
  3. Stroke
  4. CVD
  5. Cancer
19
Q

What study identifies smoking as a risk factor

A

Grossi

20
Q

How does smoking increase risk for perio dx

A 
Toxins
Immunosuppression
Increased bacterial adhesion
Reduced oxygen tension
Vasoconstriction
Increased cytokines
Reduced fibroblast proliferation

CONFIT BV

21
Q

What effect does smoking have on Non Surgical Treatment? (4)

A
  1. Increased residual pocket
  2. Less reduction in PD
  3. Reduced wound healing
  4. Less pathogen reduction
22
Q

What effect does smoking have on surgical treatment (5)

A
  1. Reduces wound healing
  2. Reduces grafting success
  3. Reduced CAL gain
  4. Reduced PD reduction
  5. Reduced root coverage
23
Q

What effect does smoking have on implant success?

A

No statistical difference

24
Q

What effect does smoking have on maintenance and retreatment

A

Reduced success
Increased refractory
Graded response

25
Q

What are the 5 A’s of smoking cessation

A

a. Ask
b. Advise
c. Assess
d. Assist
e. Arrange

26
Q

Why do Koch postulates not apply

A

Can’t grow some bacteria in media

27
Q

What are Kochs Postulates

A
  1. Organism found in the lesion
  2. Must be isolated and grown in culture on artificial media
  3. Inoculation causes similar lesions
  4. Micro Organism isolated from the lesion
28
Q

What are the alternatives to Kochs postulates

A
  1. Assoc with the disease
  2. Elimination of the organism
  3. Host Response
  4. Animal pathogenicity
  5. Mechanism of pathogenicity
29
Q

How does P Ginigvalis cause increased clotting

A

Proteolytic enzymes produced by P Ging activate prothrombin

30
Q

What does CRP do and why is it important

A

Binds to damaged cells, that opsonizes bacteria and facilitates complement fixation

Activates Neutrophils

TEXTBOOK FALL EXAM 2021 (11 decks)

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