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TEXTBOOK FALL EXAM 2021 > 1. Anatomy > Flashcards

1. Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between parakeratinized and orthokeratinized nuclei

A

Parakeratinized has nuclei

Orthokeratinized does not

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2
Q

Name the clear cells

A
  1. Merkel - Sensory
  2. Langherhan - Defense cells & present antibodies
  3. Melanocytes - Produce melanin
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3
Q

What is the normal radiographic width of PDL space

A

0.01 - 0.25 mm

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4
Q

What is the turnover of Junctional Epithelium

A

1 - 6 days.

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5
Q

What are the 2 layers of the basement membrane

A
  1. Papillary

2. Reticular

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the PDL

A

Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries

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7
Q

What is the difference between woven bone and lamellar bone

A

Woven Bone: Immature bone with osteoblasts and calcified collagen fibers

Lamellar: More mature bone

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8
Q

Where is Lamellar bone found

A

Cortical Bone

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9
Q

Where is bundle bone found, what does it belong to?

A

Around the tooth, it belongs to the tooth
It is 1 mm thick
It resorbs following extraction of teeth no matter what

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10
Q

What type of collagen is present in bone

A

Type I

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11
Q

What are the stages of tooth development

A
  1. Bud
  2. Cap
  3. Bell
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12
Q

What are ameloblasts derived from

A

Enamel Organ / Dental Organ

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13
Q

What is formed from the dental papilla

A
  1. Pulp

2. Dentine

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14
Q

What is derived from the dental follicle

A
  1. PDL
  2. Bone
  3. Cementum
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15
Q

Discuss how root structure develops starting at the bell stage

A

IEE + REE combine to form cervical loop
Cervical loop divides into Hertwigs Epithelial Root Sheath
Papilla contacts HERS - forms osteoblast
Follicle brakes down, causing cementoblast to differentiate exposing dentine
Further away fibroblast between collagen form PDL

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16
Q

How does active eruption occur

A

Oblique orientated fibers pull down the tooth

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17
Q

How does attachment of JE to tooth surface develop

A

Primarily from OEE and REE

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18
Q

Discuss cementum

A

Acellular / Cellular
Made of type I and III collagen
Primary acelluar cementum laid down first, has intrinsic fibers
As this thickens it meets the PDL and traps fibers called extrinsic fibers

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19
Q

What are Sharpeys fibers

A

Fibers trapped in bone

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20
Q

What is secondary cementum

A

Cellular cementum in the apical 1/3

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21
Q

What is Afibrillar cementum

A

Thin layer at the enamel junction

22
Q

What forms intrinsic fibers

A

Cementum

23
Q

What forms extrinsic fibers

A

Bone

24
Q

How does enamel meet cementum

A
  1. Gap - 5%
  2. Butt - 30%
  3. Overlay - 65%
25
Q

What are the main PDL fiber groups

A 
Apical
Oblique
Radicular
Trans Septal
Alveolar
Horizontal

AORTA H

26
Q

What are the gingival fiber groups

A
  1. Dentogingival
  2. Dentoperiosteal
  3. Alveologingival
  4. Circumferential
  5. Semi Circular
  6. Transgingival
  7. Intergingival
  8. Trans Septal
27
Q

What type of collagen in PDL

A

Type 1 - 80%

Type 3 - 20%

28
Q

What other fibers in PDL apart from collagen

A

Eutectin

Oxytalin

29
Q

What is between the PDL fibers

A
  1. Ground Substance
  2. Fibronectin
  3. Glycosaminoglycans
  4. Water
30
Q

Where are osteoclasts derived from

A

Monocytes / Macrophages in the presence in RANKL

31
Q

How does the JE attach to the tooth

A

Hemi Desmosomes

32
Q

What are the tissues of the periodontium

A

Gingiva
CT attachment
PDL
Alveolar Bone

33
Q

What are the 3 zones of epithelium in the periodontium

A
  1. Oral Epithelium
  2. Crevicular / Sulcular Epithelium
  3. Junctional Epithelium
34
Q

What are the layers of the epithelium from inferior to superior

A
  1. Basale
  2. Spinosum
  3. Granulosum
  4. Corneum
35
Q

Discuss the stratum basale

A

Cuboidal Cells
Lots of mitochondria
LMW keratin
High mitotic activity

36
Q

Discuss the stratum spinosum

A

Polyhedral in shape
Less cell division
Higher molecular weight proteins present

37
Q

Discuss the stratum granulosum

A

Cells flatten out
Lots of keratohyaline granules
Not present in NON KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

38
Q

Discuss the stratum corneum

A

Keratohyaline granules disappear

39
Q

Describe the oral epithelium

A

All 4 epithelium stem cells present
Most parakeratinized
Prominent Rete pegs
Slower turnover - 6 to 12 days

40
Q

Describe the sulcular epithelium

A

Basal, Spinous and Granular layers present
Thinner
Non Keratinized
From gingival crest to junctional epithelium
Few Rete Pegs

41
Q

Discuss the Junctional Epithelium

A

Non keratinized
Thin ( 3 -4 Cells thick)
Short turnover

42
Q

What is the lamina densa

A

The attachment adjacent to enamel

43
Q

What is the lamina lucida

A

Where hemidesomosomes of the epithelium cell BM attach

44
Q

At what level do JE attach to the tooth

A

At or slightly coronal to the CEJ

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the cancellous bone

A
  • PDL
  • Periosteum
  • Bone itself
46
Q

What is the lamina dura

A

A radiographic term for the radio dense line along the socket wall

47
Q

How does passive eruption occur

A

Migration of the gingiva due to the splitting of tje secondary epithelial attachment
Splitting stops at CEJ

48
Q

What does the secondary epithelium attachment become

A

Junctional Epithelium

49
Q

How are cells bound to tthe basement membrane

A

Type 4 collagen - basal lamina

Type 7 Collagen - papillary layer

50
Q

Why is the JE vulnerable to bacterial insults

A

Wide intracellular spaces

So bacteria can penetrate

TEXTBOOK FALL EXAM 2021 (11 decks)

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