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NEURO 2 Self > 2 Medulla > Flashcards

2 Medulla Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only part of the CNS that is essential for life?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

What features demarcate the transition from spinal cord to medulla?

A
  1. spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus

2. Pyramid Decussations

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3
Q

What blends together to form the spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve?

A

substantia gelatinosa, posteromarginal nucleus, nucleus proprius

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4
Q

What does the spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve receive?

A

pain and temp from the face

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5
Q

What does Lissauer’s tract become in the medulla? Fiber size? where are fibers derived?

A

spinal trigeminal tract
Asigma and C
Trigeminal ganglion

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6
Q

T-F—dorsal columns end in the caudal medulla?

A

True

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7
Q

What forms the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

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8
Q

Where is neuron 2 nucleus of the sensory ganglia from pain, temp, simple touch, from face, oral cavity and ear located?

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

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9
Q

Does the spinal trigeminal tract go travel caudally or rostrally?

A

caudal to the spinal trigeminal nucleus

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10
Q

Spinal trigeminal nucleus gives axons that decussate and ascend as what?

A

ventral trigeminothalamic tract

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11
Q

Where does the ventral trigeminothalamic tract terminate?

A

Thalamus–ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM)

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12
Q

Where does pain from teeth specifically terminate in the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

A

middle (inter polar)

Rostral (oral)

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13
Q

T-F- - periorbital areas of CNV division are found caudally in the spinal nucleus?

A

False—most rostrally—ear and scalp are most caudal

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14
Q

Where do the neuron 2 fibers from cuneate and gracile fascicle cross? what are they called?

A

medulla

internal arcuate fibers—>medial lemniscus

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15
Q

Where does the accessory cuneate nucleus send axons to?

A

cerebellum in the cuneo-cerebellar tract

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16
Q

What does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract become?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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17
Q

What is the dorsal spinocerebellar tract joined by in the medulla?

A

olivo-cerebellar fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus

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18
Q

In what orientation to fibers from the hypoglossal nucleus travel in the medulla? where do they emerge?

A

obliquely down to emerge from pre-olivary sulcus

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19
Q

What does nucleus ambiguous provide motor innervation to?

A

pharynx, larynx, soft palate, and upper esophagus

CN IX and CNX

20
Q

What nucleus lies beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle and is the source of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the sub-diaphragmatic vagus nerve?

A

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX)

21
Q

What does external part of nucleus ambiguous contain?

A

cardiomotor pre-ganglionic neurons

22
Q

1 st order afferents from 7, 9 and 10 enter brainstem and travel in what? and where do they terminate?

A

solitary tract and terminate in the NTS (nucleus solitarius tractus)

23
Q

Where does visceral sensor from mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, tympanic cavity, auditory tube, thoracic and abdominal viscera, aortic arch and carotid sinus terminate?

A

CAUDAL portion of the NTS

24
Q

Taste afferents from the tongue and epiglottis terminate where?

A

ROSTRAL portion of NTS

25
Q

T-F—swallowing and nausea/vomiting almost always accompany medulla lesions

A

true

26
Q

activation of the diving reflex leads to what?

A
  • bradycardia
  • increased peripheral resistance
  • apnea
27
Q

What is the intermediate neuron of the gag reflex between IX and X?

A

V- afferent to the spinal nucleus which sends Neuron 2 to nucleus ambiguous which then sends muscle innervation to pharynx

28
Q

T-f—-loss of reflex or asymmetrical movements of the palate do not occur in lateral medullary syndrome

A

false- they do occur

29
Q

The vestibular and cochlear nuclei straddle what?

A

pons and medulla

30
Q

lesions of medullary vestibular nuclei lead to what?

A

signs similar to damage of semicircular canals—vertigo, ataxia, nausea

31
Q

What is the name for a diffuse white matter bundle in the center of the medulla?

A

central tegmental tract

32
Q

Medullary lesion of the central segmental tract can lead to what?

A

Horners–(central tegmental tract constituent is the hypothalami-spinal tract)

33
Q

What 4 arteries supply almost all of the blood to the medulla?

A
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior spinal artery
  • vertebral artery
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
34
Q

medial medullary syndrome affects what 3 main structures?

A

pyramids, hypoglossal nucleus, medial lemniscus

35
Q

medial medullary syndrome to pyramids causes what?

A

contralateral UMN signs sparing face

36
Q

medial medullary syndrome of hypoglossal nucleus causes what?

A

ipsilateral LMN signs deviating to lesion side

37
Q

medial medullary syndrome of medial lemniscus causes what?

A

contralateral loss of 2 point discrimination, vibration sense and kinesthesia

38
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome of nucleus ambiguous causes?

A

dysphagia, displaced uvula, flaccid vocal fold

39
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome of spinal nut and tract of V causes?

A

ipsilateral loss of pain, temp of the face

40
Q

lateral medullary syndrome of spinothalamic tract leads to what?

A

contralateral loss of pain and temp

41
Q

lateral medullary syndrome of the descending sympathetic tract causes?

A

horners

42
Q

lateral medullary syndrome of the inferior cerebellar peduncle causes?

A

ipsilateral ataxia

43
Q

lateral medullary syndrome of vestibular nuclei causes?

A

vertigo and nausea

44
Q

lateral medullary syndrome of the reticular formation causes?

A

hiccups (chronic)

45
Q

what tells the cerebellum that an inappropriate movement is being performed?

A

Olive (or so it is believed)

NEURO 2 Self (8 decks)

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