2 - Measuring Demography and Diseases Flashcards
what is a rate?
a count or proportion expressed per unit time
measuring disease
- disease presence/ absence
- how much disease is there
- number of cases ( a count)
why is recording the number of cases useful?
- information of burden of disease
- planning health service delivery
- resource prioritisation
- advocacy
why is recording the number of cases not useful?
- can’t compare between countries
- no standardisation for population size
incidence
the rate of occurrence of new cases in a given period in a specified population
prevalence
the frequency of existing cases in a defined population at a given time
Prevalence in relation to incidence
Prevalence = Incidence x Disease duration
fertility rate (UK)
number of births per thousand women aged between 15-44 years in a defined geographic area
mortality rate
annual number of deaths per 1000 individuals
usually given per age
crude mortality rate
The mortality rate from all causes of death for a population.
perinatal mortality
Fetal deaths after 24 completed weeks of gestation and death before 7 completed days.
stillbirth
A child which has issued forth from its mother after the 24th week of pregnancy and which did not breathe or show any signs of life.
neonatal mortality
Death before the age of 28 completed days following live birth.
Early neonatal is up to 7 days
Late neonatal is from 7 and up to 28 days.
infant mortality
Death in the first year following live birth
Child Mortality Rate
Death after the first year following live birth and under 5 years old.
It is often used as a basic health indicator
