2: Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants

Question 1

2 of the most commonly used local anesthetic agents in cattle because of low cost and limited toxicity

Answer 1

2% lidocaine hydrochloride,
2% mepivacaine hydrochloride

Question 2

3 times more potent than procaine and diffuses more widely in the tissues

Answer 2

Lidocaine

Question 3

intermediate duration of action of Lidocaine

Answer 3

90 to 180 minutes

Question 4

added to increase the potency and duration of activity of both regional and epidural anesthesia

Answer 4

vasoconstrictor (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)

Question 5

maximum safe dose of lidocaine hydrochloride in cattle

Answer 5

10 mg/kg of body weight

Question 6

maximum safe dose of lidocaine hydrochloride in small ruminants

Answer 6

4 mg/kg

Question 7

The horn and the skin around the base of the horn are innervated by the

Answer 7

cornual branch of the lacrimal or zygomaticotemporal nerve

Question 8

this nerve passes through the periorbital tissues dorsally and runs along the frontal crest to the base of the horns

Answer 8

Cornual (lacrimal/ zygomaticotemporal) nerve

Question 9

Larger cattle with well-developed horns require additional anesthetic infiltration along the caudal aspect of the horn, in the form of a _______

Answer 9

partial ring block

Question 10

in cornual nerve block in goats, the required number of site is

Answer 10

at least 2 injection sites per horn

Question 11

location of the zygomaticotemporal nerve in goats

Answer 11

lies halfway between the lateral canthus of the eye and the lateral base of the horn

Question 12

nerve that is the continuation of the maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve after it enters the infraorbital canal.

Answer 12

infraorbital nerve

Question 13

muscle that covers the infraorbital nerve

Answer 13

levator nasolabialis muscle

Question 14

the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies what structures

Answer 14

globe,
conjunctiva,
nictitating membrane,
most of the eyelids

Question 15

The extraocular muscles of the eye are innervated by what 3 nerves

Answer 15

trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, and the oculomotor nerve

Question 16

The eyelids are innervated by the ____ nerve

Answer 16

auriculopalpebral

Question 17

what is the preferred anesthesia duringtail docking of sheep (local ring block VS epidural)

Answer 17

local ring block&raquo_space;> epidural