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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > 2 LAB IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI > Flashcards

2 LAB IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

The standard microdilution method for molds that cause invasive and
cutaneous infections

A

CLSI document M38-A2

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2
Q

What are the predominant culture sites for recovery of Sporotrichosis?

A
  • Respiratory
  • Tissue
  • Skin
  • Mucus
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3
Q

GRAM STAIN is an example of _______.

a. PERMANENT MOUNTS
b. WET MOUNT
c. TEASE MOUNT
d. MICROSLIDE CULTURE METHOD

A

a. PERMANENT MOUNTS

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4
Q

_______ and _______ are risk group 3 pathogens and requires biosafety level 3.

A

Coccidioides spp. and H. capsulatum

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5
Q

What is the media used to isolate Dermatophytic Fungi?

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

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6
Q

What is the recommended battery of media?

A
  • Media with and without CYCLOHEXIMIDE

- Media with and without an antibacterial agent

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7
Q

These bacteria grows slowly (>10 days). Enumerate.

A
  • B. dermatitidis
  • H. capsulatum
  • P. brasiliensis
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8
Q

______ describes the various elevations of the colony on the agar plate

A

COLONY TOPOGRAPHY

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9
Q

______ is useful for demonstrating internal details
Stain fungal elements well; hyphae of yeasts and molds can
be readily distinguished

A

PERIODIC-ACID SCHIFF STAIN

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

H&E slides are not required to be restained in PERIODIC-ACID SCHIFF STAIN if fungus wall is invisible

A

FALSE (H&E slides may be restained with this method if fungus wall is invisible)

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11
Q

This is a type of colony topography wherein elevations have furrows that radiate out from the center

A

Rugose

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12
Q

GRAM STAIN, also known as ________ , is an example of permanent mount.

A

HUCKER MODIFICATION

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13
Q

GERM TUBE TEST is used as a presumptive identification of _____ or _______

A

C. albicans or C. dubliniensis

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14
Q

What type of tubes should be used for culture media?

A

SCREW-CAPPED TUBES

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15
Q

this stain fungal elements well; hyphae of yeasts and molds can
be readily distinguished

A

PERIODIC-ACID SCHIFF STAIN

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16
Q

What are the different pathogenic fungi partially or completely inhibited by Cycloheximide?

A
  • C. neoformans complex
  • Candida krusei and other Candida spp.
  • Trichosporon spp.
  • P. boydii
  • Aspergillus spp.
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17
Q

PERIODIC-ACID SCHIFF STAIN attaches to polysaccharides in the fungal wall and stains ______

A

PURPLISH RED = MAGENTA

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18
Q

What stain does gram stain employs?

A

CRYSTAL VIOLET and AMMONIUM OXALATE

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19
Q

Determine what type of COLONY’S TEXTURE is being described.

high aerial mycelium that appears slightly matted down

A

WOOLY

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20
Q

What is the requirement for Emmons’ modification of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar?

a. Antibacterial antibiotics should be included
b. Less glucose with a pH of 6.8–7.0
c. Should contain no antibacterial or antifungal agents
d. pH of 5.5–5.6

A

b. Less glucose with a pH of 6.8–7.0

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21
Q

This is the test specifically used to identify C. albicans

A

GERM TUBE TEST

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22
Q

This document covers requirements for use of the broth microdilution
method

A

CLSI document M27-A3

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23
Q

What are the different specimens for RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS?

A
  • Sputum
  • Induced sputum
  • Bronchial washings
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage
  • Tracheal aspirations
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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

All fungi are Gram(+)

A

TRUE

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25
Q

This type of permanent mount is useful for the detection of yeast

A

GRAM STAIN (HUCKER MODIFICATION)

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26
Q

(1-3)-β-D-glucan activates the coagulation cascade in _______.

A

LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE LYSATE

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27
Q

Determine what type of COLONY’S TEXTURE is being described.

Loose, high aerial mycelium

A

COTTONY

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28
Q

_____ direct smear and culture (CHROMagar Candida and Candida ID)

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

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29
Q

Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility
Testing of Yeasts

A

CLSI document M27-A3

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30
Q

Give at least 3 organisms included in CLSI document M38-A2 for evaluation.

A 
Aspergillus spp., 
Fusarium spp., 
Rhizopus oryzae (R. arrhizus),
Pseudallescheria boydii, 
Scedosporium prolificans, 
Sporothrix schenckii (mycelial form),
Dermatophytes (Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and
Trichophyton)
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31
Q

This is a type of colony topography wherein elevations are furrowed or convoluted.

Umbonate = slightly raised in the center

A

Verrucose

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32
Q

What bacteria grows fast, typically less than 4 days in a medium?

A

Mucorales

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33
Q

Determine what type of COLONY’S TEXTURE is being described.

Dense, powdery, resembling sugar granules

A

GRANULAR

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34
Q

________ preserves fungal structures

A

LACTIC ACID

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35
Q

Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility
Testing of Filamentous Fungi

A

CLSI document M38-A2

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36
Q

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is used to isolate _______.

A

Dermatophytic Fungi

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37
Q

What is the required pH for Sabouraud Dextrose Agar?

a. 5.1–5.1
b. 5.3–5.4
c. 5.5–5.6
d. 5.7–5.8

A

c. pH of 5.5–5.6

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38
Q

Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeasts
(Candida spp.)

A

CLSI document M44-A2

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39
Q

All of the following are temporary mounts EXCEPT:

a. CALCOFLUOR WHITE STAIN
b. 10-20% KOH
c. HEMATOXYLIN & EOSIN STAIN
d. INDIA INK OR NIGROSIN

A

c. HEMATOXYLIN & EOSIN STAIN

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40
Q

In LCB, ____ serves as the killing agent

A

PHENOL

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41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Inoculation and manipulation of mould colonies should always be performed in a BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET CLASS III

A

FALSE

- Inoculation and manipulation of mould colonies should always be performed in a BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET CLASS II

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42
Q

EXOANTIGEN TEST uses identification through __________ .

A

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION

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43
Q

Give at least 2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF YEASTS.

A
  • COLONIAL MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES
  • MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES
  • PHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES
  • RAPID COMMERCIAL YEAST IDENTIFICATION TESTS
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44
Q

This is constricted germ tubes and is a characteristic of C. tropicalis

A

PSEUDO–GERM TUBES

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45
Q

This is a type of colony topography wherein elevations are slightly raised in the center.

A

Umbonate

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46
Q

Determine what type of COLONY’S TEXTURE is being described.

Smooth surface with no aerial mycelium

A

GLABROUS

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47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In respiratory secretions, ANTIBACTERIAL ANTIBIOTICS should be included in the battery of media

A

TRUE

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48
Q

In temporary wet mounts, ________ is the most widely used method of
staining.

A

LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE

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49
Q

Determine what test is being asked?

Antibody developed against particular mycelial antigens will react specifically in a GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION PRECIPITIN TEST

A

EXOANTIGEN TEST

50
Q

CLSI document M27-A3 is approved for the testing of _____ and _____

A

Candida spp. and C. neoformans

51
Q

Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of
nondermatophyte filamentous fungi

A

CLSI M51-A

52
Q

Determine what type of COLONY’S TEXTURE is being described.

Low aerial mycelium resembling a velvet cloth

A

VELVETY

53
Q

_____ is the type of media used for DERMATOPHYTE culture

A

MYCOBIOTIC OR MYCOSEL AGAR

54
Q

What is the purpose of ANILINE BLUE in LCB?

a. preserves fungal structures
b. stains fungal structure
c. killing agent

A

b. stains fungal structure

55
Q

What are the different commercial yeast ID systems?

A
  • API-20C yeast system
  • API Yeast-Ident system
  • Uni-Yeast Tek system
  • AutoMicrobic system
  • Abbott Quantum II system
56
Q

_________ present in the cell wall of most yeasts and molds, including
Pneumocystis, except ________ molds

A

(1-3)-β-D-GLUCAN DETECTION ; mucoraceous

57
Q

All of the following are permanent mounts EXCEPT:

a. PAPANICOLAOU STAIN
b. GRAM STAIN (HUCKER MODIFICATION)
c. GIEMSA AND WRIGHT STAIN
d. LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE (LPCB)

A

d. LACTOPHENOL COTTON BLUE (LPCB)

58
Q

The Incubation requirement for DERMATOPHYTE culture is _______.

A

MINIMUM OF 21 DAYS AT 30°C

59
Q

For respiratory secretions, is it necessary to include CYCLOHEXIMIDE in at least one of the culture media?

A

YES

60
Q

What type of test is being asked?

  • Requires the use of serum or plasma
  • substrate is inoculated and then incubated at 35° C for 3 hours
A

GERM TUBE TEST

61
Q

VAGINAL SPECIMEN should be transported to laboratory within _____ of collection using culture transport swabs

A

24 hours

62
Q

This involve gently touching a piece of clear tape, sticky side down, to the surface of the colony

A

CELLOPHANE (SCOTCH) TAPE METHOD

63
Q

Candida glabrata appears ______ in CHROMagar Candida

A

VELVET

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

CSF Media should contain no antibacterial or antifungal agents

A

TRUE

65
Q

In CSF, 1 drop of the concentrate = _____ or _____ for Cryptococcus

A

INDIA INK PREPARATION or LATEX AGGLUTINATION

66
Q

Enumerate the 3 Automated Blood Culture Systems (yeast):

A
  • BACTEC
  • BacT/ALERT
  • VersaTREK
67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

All specimens (TISSUE, BONE MARROW, AND STERILE BODY FLUIDS) should be cultured 2 hrs after collection to ensure the recovery of fungi

A

FALSE (All specimens should be cultured ASAP)

68
Q

What do you examine for Abscess Fluid and Wound Exudates specimens?

A

the presence of granules

69
Q

This appears STEEL BLUE in CHROMagar Candida.

A

Candida tropicalis

70
Q

_____ used for the detection of C. neoformans in CSF through negative staining to demonstrate ________ .

A

INDIA INK OR NIGROSIN ; POLYSACCHARIDE

CAPSULE

71
Q

The required days of incubation for respiratory, bone marrow, and blood pathogens, and for specimens in which a dimorphic fungus is suspected is ____________________

A

28 days

72
Q

For skin specimens,

  1. submitted as scrapings or cuttings
  2. scraped from the outer edge of a surface lesion

a. both statements are true
b. only statement 1 is true
c. only statement 2 is true
d. both statements are false

A

c. only statement 2 is true

73
Q

What is the incubation period for vaginal specimens?

A

30°C for 7 days

74
Q

What is the disadvantage of Wet Mount?

A

characteristic arrangement of spores is disrupted.

75
Q

______ is the preferred method for microscopic examinations. This also binds to the ______ in the walls of fungal cells.

A

CALCOFLUOR WHITE STAIN ; CHITIN

76
Q

CSF specimens should be processed promptly but if not possible
should be kept FROZEN.

A

FALSE ( CSF spx should be kept at RT or in incubator at 30°C if processing promptly is not possible)

77
Q

Used for the detection of Nocardia and B. dermatitidis

A

ACID FAST STAIN

78
Q

Used for the detection of H. capsulatum and C. neoformans from blood
or bone marrow specimens

A

GIEMSA AND WRIGHT STAIN

79
Q

For permanent mounting in TEASE MOUNT, an addition of _____ is necessary.

A

10% PVA

80
Q

_____ is recommended for disseminated fungal infections

A

BLOOD

81
Q

Optimal temperature for fungal blood cultures:

A

30°C

82
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

CSF Cultures should be examined weekly

A

False ( CSF Cultures should be examined DAILY)

83
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of CELLOPHANE (SCOTCH) TAPE METHOD?

A

Advantage: conidial arrangement is retained
Disadvantages:
- potential contamination of the colony
- temporary nature of this preparation

84
Q

Candida krusei appears _____ in CHROMagar Candida

A

ROSE

85
Q

What is the disadvantage of TEASE MOUNT?

A

Disruption of conidia

86
Q

Considered to be the best stain for the detection of fungi in histologic
sections

A

GOMORI’S METHENAMINE SILVER STAIN

87
Q

Specimens incubated for _____ days detect the presence of yeast in mouth, throat, or vaginal specimens

A

7 days

88
Q

Used for Nocardia

A

AURAMINE-RHODAMINE STAIN

89
Q

This type of stain demonstrate melanin or melanin-like substances in the lightly pigmented agents of PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

A

MASSON-FONTANA STAIN

90
Q

Cytotechnologist can detect fungal elements using this method

A

PAPANICOLAOU STAIN

91
Q

Specimens incubated for _____ days detect fungal pathogens in tissues and sterile body fluids other than blood

A

21 days

92
Q

In PAPANICOLAOU STAIN, fungal elements stain _____.

A

pink to blue

93
Q

MASSON-FONTANA STAIN identifies the presence of _______ and the
differentiation of melanin and hemosiderin pigments

A

PHAEOID FUNGI

94
Q

Fungal Blood Cultures System:

  1. BIPHASIC BHIA- BROTH (Isolator)
  2. LYSIS-CENTRIFUGATION SYSTEM (Septi-Chek)

a. both are true
b. only 1 is true
c. only 2 is true
d. both are false

A

d. both are false

  • BIPHASIC BHIA- BROTH (Septi-Chek)
  • LYSIS-CENTRIFUGATION SYSTEM (Isolator)
95
Q

(+) Result of GOMORI’S METHENAMINE SILVER STAIN: ______

A

Black

96
Q

What is the color of C. albicans in CHROMagar Candida?

A

GREEN

97
Q

Used for studying the host reaction and for determining

whether a fungus is hyaline or dematiaceous

A

HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN (H&E) STAIN

98
Q

TISSUE, BONE MARROW, AND STERILE BODY FLUIDS

Incubation: _________

A

30°C for 21 days

99
Q

The preferred specimen for urine is __________.

A

FIRST-VOIDED MORNING URINE SPECIMEN

100
Q

Suggested incubation time for blood is ______ .

A

21 days

101
Q

The media used for MICROSLIDE CULTURE METHOD is _____.

A

Potato dextrose agar or other fungal medium

102
Q

What species are POSITIVE in HAIR PERFORATION OR BAITING TEST?

A

T. mentagrophytes(+) and Microsporum canis(+)

103
Q

This is the single most useful nutritional test for dermatophytes

A

THIAMINE REQUIREMENT

104
Q

ACRIDINE ORANGE is used for __________________.

A

TINEA VERSICOLOR

105
Q

________ measures the ability to produce NITRATE REDUCTASE
cell wall is dissociated with benzalkonium chloride to
reduce nitrate to nitrite.

A

RAPID NITRATE REDUCTASE TEST

106
Q

CORNMEAL AGAR FOR YEAST IDENTIFICATION

  1. Candida albicans demonstrate ______ and ______
  2. Cryptococcus spp. demonstrate _______.
A
  1. hyphae and chlamydospores

2. blastoconidia

107
Q

________ ability of yeast to use nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen

A

POTASSIUM NITRATE ASSIMILATION

108
Q

What is the (+) and (-) results in POTASSIUM NITRATE ASSIMILATION?

A

(+) result = turns the medium BLUE

(-) result = turns the medium YELLOW

109
Q

What species are NEGATIVE in HAIR PERFORATION OR BAITING TEST

A

T. rubrum(-) and M. equinum(-)

110
Q

_______ turns the rice grains brown in GROWTH ON RICE GRAINS METHOD

A

M. audouinii

111
Q

Cryptococcus spp.

optimal temperature is _____
weak growth at _____
no growth at _____

A

optimal temperature: 25° C
weak growth: 35° C
no growth: 42° C

112
Q

What is the (+) and (-) QC of POTASSIUM NITRATE ASSIMILATION?

A 
Cryptococcus albidus (+)
C. albicans (-)
113
Q

This is used to differentiate T. mentagrophytes(+) from T. rubrum(-)

A

UREASE TEST

114
Q

Determine what is being asked:

In UREASE TEST,
Media: ___________
Incubation: ________

A

Media: Christensen Urea Agar
Incubation: 5 days at RT

115
Q

In LEVODOPA-FERRIC CITRATE TEST, C. neoformans produce the enzyme _______ which when made to react with DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE in the presence of ______ forms a dark pigmented compound = MELANIN.

A

PHENOL OXIDASE ; FERRIC CITRATE

116
Q

Positive result in RAPID UREASE TEST is _______.

A

PINK TO PURPLE COLOR

117
Q

(+) result of RAPID NITRATE REDUCTASE TEST ________.

A

RED COLOR

118
Q

______ yeast ID system is the most commonly used ID systems in CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION OR ASSIMILATION TEST

A

API 20C

119
Q

Growth in TRICHOPHYTON AGARS is scored on a scale of _______

A

1 to 4

120
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Tubes of media with and without thiamine are inoculated with a tiny,
medium-free portion of the colony and observed for growth after 10 to 15 days

A

FALSE (Observation for growth is after 10 to 14 days)

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (2 decks)

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