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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > 1 INTRO TO MYCO > Flashcards

1 INTRO TO MYCO Flashcards

1
Q

Study of fungi, including their taxonomy, environmental impact,
and genetic and biochemical properties

A

MYCOLOGY

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2
Q

Science devoted to the study of fungi and their relationship to
human disease

A

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

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3
Q

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY is a scientific discipline encompasses single-celled ______ and ______ as agents of disease

A

yeasts ; filamentous moulds

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4
Q

Fungal agents include:

A
  1. TRUE PATHOGENS

2. OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

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5
Q

True pathogens and opportunistic pathogens are part of ____

A

Fungal agents

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6
Q

Fungi whose cell wall contain MELANIN, which imparts brown

to black pigment

A

DEMATIACEOUS FUNGI

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7
Q

fungi that have two growth forms, such as mold and yeast

which develop under different growth conditions

A

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

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8
Q

Dematiaceous Fungi contains _____ on its cell wall contain , which imparts _____ pigment

A

MELANIN ; brown to black

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9
Q

Asexual stage in the life cycle of fungus

A

ANAMORPH

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10
Q

Sexual stage of fungi

A

TELEOMORPH

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11
Q

unicellular, spherical to ellipsoid fungal cells; reproduce

by budding

A

YEAST

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12
Q

What is the size of yeast cells?

A

3 - 5 um

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13
Q

fungi that lack sexual reproduction

A

IMPERFECT FUNGI

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14
Q

fungi that are capable of fungal reproduction

A

PERFECT FUNGI

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15
Q

hyphal or mycelial colony of growth

A

MOLD

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16
Q

have more than one independent form or spore stage in their

life cycle

A

POLYMORPHIC FUNGI

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17
Q

aka asexual spores

A

MITOSPORES

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18
Q

Swollen, branching tips that resemble moose antlers,

with lateral and terminal branching

A

ANTLER HYPHAE

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19
Q

CONIDIA are produced either singly or multiply in long chains or clusters by specialized vegetative hyphae called _____

A

CONIDIOPHORES

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20
Q

Epidermophytoc floccosum is an example of _____

A

RACQUET HYPHAE

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21
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an example of _____

A

SPIRAL HYPHAE

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22
Q

What are the 4 opportunistic mycoses?

A

ASPERGILLOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
ZYGOMYCOSIS

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23
Q

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES primarily involve the ____ and may disseminate and involve any organ system

A

LUNGS

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24
Q

this is a type of conidia formation wherein a parent cell enlarges, a septum forms and the enlarge portion splits off to form a daughter cell

A

Blastic Conidiogenesis

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25
Q

Trichophyton shoenleinii is an example of _____

A

ANTLER HYPHAE

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26
Q

______ are flask-shaped secondary segments which produces the
conidia = PHIALOCONIDIA

A

PHIALIDES

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27
Q

This include Glomeromycota and subphylum, Mucoromycotina,

and Entomophthoracortina and produces hyaline sparsely septate hyphae

A

ZYGOMYCOTA

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28
Q

Lichtheimia is formerlyknown as _____

A

Absidia

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29
Q

this is a tightly coiled showing corkscrew-like turns

A

SPIRAL HYPHAE

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30
Q

These are ringed structures that produce _____

A

ANNELLIDES ; ANNELLOCONIDIA

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31
Q

this is a type of conidia formation wherein a septum forms first and new growth beyond the septum becomes daughter cell

A

Thallic Conidiogenesis

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32
Q

contains enlarged, club-shaped areas resembling a tennis racquet

A

RACQUET HYPHAE

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33
Q

Systemic mycoses infections are caused by :

A 
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Paracoccidioides
P. marneffei***
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34
Q

In genus Zygomycota,

  1. The asexual reproduction: SPORANGIOSPORES
  2. Sexual reproduction: ZYGOSPORES

a. both are true
b. only statement 1 is true
c. only statement 2 is true
d. both are false

A

A

35
Q

Humans are relatively resistant to infections caused by fungi except for _____

A

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

36
Q

This is a type of sexual spore that contained in a club-shaped BASIDIUM

A

BASIDIOSPORES

37
Q

Yeasts ideally grow in what range temperature?

A

35°C to 37°C

38
Q

the appearance of MOLDS’ colony

A

fluffy, cottony, woolly, or powdery

39
Q

Molds grows at ______

A

Molds grows at 25°C

40
Q

few yeasts cells divide by ____ but most reproduce asexually by ____

A

BINARY FISSION ; BUDDING

41
Q

this is the phase in dimorphism in which organism grown at room temperature (22° to 25° C) in ambient air conditions

A

MOLD PHASE

42
Q

the appearance of YEASTS’ colony

A

moist, creamy, opaque or pasty (1-3 mm)

resembling bacterial colony without aerial hyphae

43
Q

they produce fungal infections that involve the HAIR, SKIN, OR NAILS. They all infect keratinized tissues and have no direct invasion of the
deeper tissue

A

SUPERFICIAL OR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

44
Q

Conidiophores form a _____ that terminates in secondary branches (______) and ______ , from which chains of conidia are borne

A

PENICILLUS : metulae and phialides

45
Q

Humans acquire mycoses through:

A
  • Inhalation of spores
  • Direct contact with spores
  • Inoculation by trauma into the skin
46
Q

_____ have true nuclei and are heterotrophic members of the plant
family

A

THALLOPHYTES

47
Q

Eukaryotic fungi have _____ in the cell membrane. They are also _____ in nature which means that their nutrition are derived from organic materials

A

ERGOSTEROL ; SAPROPHYTIC

48
Q

_______ are involve the deeper skin layers, including

muscle, connective tissue, and bone.

A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

49
Q

These are fungi that have different asexual forms of the same fungus. One example of this is Pseudallescheria boydii.

A

SYNANOMORPHS

50
Q

this is the phase in dimorphism in which organism grown at 37° C with increased CO2

A

YEAST OR TISSUE STATE

51
Q

DERMATOPHYTES, TINEA NIGRA, TINEA VERSICOLOR and PIEDRA are all examples of:

A

SUPERFICIAL OR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

52
Q

This is a type of sexual spore that contained in a saclike structure called ASCUS

A

ASCOSPORES

53
Q

following meiosis, _ to _ meiospores form within an ascus

A

4 - 8

54
Q

following meiosis, ___ meiospores usually form on the surface of a basidiumx

A

4

55
Q

A conidia that is small, unicellular with a round, elliptical, or pyriform shape

A

MICROCONIDIA

56
Q

MACROCONIDIA has a spiny (______) or smooth

surface

A

ECHINULATE

57
Q

Ubiquitous in nature and produce true septate hyphae. They all exhibit a sexual form (teleomorph) but also exist in an asexual form (anamorph)

A

Ascomycota

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Almost all molds are aerobic

A

TRUE

59
Q

s

A
60
Q

A conidia that is large, usually multiseptate, and club oval or spindle shaped

A

MACROCONIDIA

61
Q

What is the Asexual and Sexual reproduction of Ascomycota?

A

Asexual reproduction: Conidia

Sexual reproduction: Ascospores

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Most yeasts are strict aerobes

A

FALSE

63
Q

_____ formed by heterogenous fertilization and are involve the fusion of cells from separate, nonidentical hyphae

A

OOSPORES

64
Q

They are generally plant pathogens or environmental organisms that rarely cause disease in humans. They also reproduce sexually through the formation of BASIDIOSPORES

A

Basidiomycota

65
Q

these are cross-walls that divide hyphae

A

SEPTA

66
Q

This contains large, thick-walled, usually spherical conidia produced by “rounding-up” and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells

A

CHLAMYDOCONIDIA

67
Q

CHLAMYDOSPORES formed at the hyphal sides

A

SESSILE

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Obligate aerobes are not capable of metabolizing Lignin

A

FALSE

69
Q

this is used to determine hyphal pigmentation in tissue

A

Masson-Fontana Stain

70
Q

These are rough-walled spores produced by the fusion of two identical
cells arising from the same hypha

A

ZYGOSPORES

71
Q
  1. Septate Hyphae are microscopic units of fungi
  2. Asseptate Hyphae or Sparsely Septate/Coenocytic are continuous without crosswalls

a. both are true
b. only statement 1 is true
c. only statement 2 is true
d. both are false

A

c. only statement 2 is true

72
Q

CHLAMYDOSPORES formed at the hyphal tip

A

TERMINAL

73
Q

A type of conidia that are produced by a “vaseshaped” conidiogenous
cell = PHIALIDE

A

Phialoconidia

74
Q

What type of asexual spores does ARTHROCONIDIA have?

A

ARTHROSPORES

75
Q

_____ are empty spaces that appear between each arthrospores in alternate arrangement

A

Disjunctor cells

76
Q

Candida is an example of what type of conidia?

A

BLASTOCONIDIA

77
Q

CHLAMYDOSPORES formed within the hyphal strand

A

INTERCALARY

78
Q

______ is a mass of intertwining structure composed of hyphae and accumulates during active growth

A

MYCELIUM

79
Q

Deuteromycota is also known as ______

A

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

80
Q

In Masson-Fontana Stain,

  1. Phaeoid hyphae stains ______
  2. Hyaline hyphae stains ______
A
  1. brown

2. pink to red

81
Q

_____ grows in or on a substrate and absorbs water and nutrients; anchor the colony

A

VEGETATIVE PORTION OR THALLUS

82
Q
  • contains fruiting bodies that produce the conidia and spores
  • extends above the agar surface
A

REPRODUCTIVE PORTION OR AERIAL

83
Q

This is a type of conidia that has the simplest type of sporulation and appear as square, rectangular, barrel-shaped thick-walled cells
when mature

A

ARTHROCONIDIA

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (2 decks)

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