1 INTRO TO MYCO Flashcards
Study of fungi, including their taxonomy, environmental impact,
and genetic and biochemical properties
MYCOLOGY
Science devoted to the study of fungi and their relationship to
human disease
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY is a scientific discipline encompasses single-celled ______ and ______ as agents of disease
yeasts ; filamentous moulds
Fungal agents include:
- TRUE PATHOGENS
2. OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
True pathogens and opportunistic pathogens are part of ____
Fungal agents
Fungi whose cell wall contain MELANIN, which imparts brown
to black pigment
DEMATIACEOUS FUNGI
fungi that have two growth forms, such as mold and yeast
which develop under different growth conditions
DIMORPHIC FUNGI
Dematiaceous Fungi contains _____ on its cell wall contain , which imparts _____ pigment
MELANIN ; brown to black
Asexual stage in the life cycle of fungus
ANAMORPH
Sexual stage of fungi
TELEOMORPH
unicellular, spherical to ellipsoid fungal cells; reproduce
by budding
YEAST
What is the size of yeast cells?
3 - 5 um
fungi that lack sexual reproduction
IMPERFECT FUNGI
fungi that are capable of fungal reproduction
PERFECT FUNGI
hyphal or mycelial colony of growth
MOLD
have more than one independent form or spore stage in their
life cycle
POLYMORPHIC FUNGI
aka asexual spores
MITOSPORES
Swollen, branching tips that resemble moose antlers,
with lateral and terminal branching
ANTLER HYPHAE
CONIDIA are produced either singly or multiply in long chains or clusters by specialized vegetative hyphae called _____
CONIDIOPHORES
Epidermophytoc floccosum is an example of _____
RACQUET HYPHAE
Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an example of _____
SPIRAL HYPHAE
What are the 4 opportunistic mycoses?
ASPERGILLOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
ZYGOMYCOSIS
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES primarily involve the ____ and may disseminate and involve any organ system
LUNGS
this is a type of conidia formation wherein a parent cell enlarges, a septum forms and the enlarge portion splits off to form a daughter cell
Blastic Conidiogenesis
Trichophyton shoenleinii is an example of _____
ANTLER HYPHAE
______ are flask-shaped secondary segments which produces the
conidia = PHIALOCONIDIA
PHIALIDES
This include Glomeromycota and subphylum, Mucoromycotina,
and Entomophthoracortina and produces hyaline sparsely septate hyphae
ZYGOMYCOTA
Lichtheimia is formerlyknown as _____
Absidia
this is a tightly coiled showing corkscrew-like turns
SPIRAL HYPHAE
These are ringed structures that produce _____
ANNELLIDES ; ANNELLOCONIDIA
this is a type of conidia formation wherein a septum forms first and new growth beyond the septum becomes daughter cell
Thallic Conidiogenesis
contains enlarged, club-shaped areas resembling a tennis racquet
RACQUET HYPHAE
Systemic mycoses infections are caused by :
Blastomyces Coccidioides Histoplasma Paracoccidioides P. marneffei***
In genus Zygomycota,
- The asexual reproduction: SPORANGIOSPORES
- Sexual reproduction: ZYGOSPORES
a. both are true
b. only statement 1 is true
c. only statement 2 is true
d. both are false
A
Humans are relatively resistant to infections caused by fungi except for _____
DIMORPHIC FUNGI
This is a type of sexual spore that contained in a club-shaped BASIDIUM
BASIDIOSPORES
Yeasts ideally grow in what range temperature?
35°C to 37°C
the appearance of MOLDS’ colony
fluffy, cottony, woolly, or powdery
Molds grows at ______
Molds grows at 25°C
few yeasts cells divide by ____ but most reproduce asexually by ____
BINARY FISSION ; BUDDING
this is the phase in dimorphism in which organism grown at room temperature (22° to 25° C) in ambient air conditions
MOLD PHASE
the appearance of YEASTS’ colony
moist, creamy, opaque or pasty (1-3 mm)
resembling bacterial colony without aerial hyphae
they produce fungal infections that involve the HAIR, SKIN, OR NAILS. They all infect keratinized tissues and have no direct invasion of the
deeper tissue
SUPERFICIAL OR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
Conidiophores form a _____ that terminates in secondary branches (______) and ______ , from which chains of conidia are borne
PENICILLUS : metulae and phialides
Humans acquire mycoses through:
- Inhalation of spores
- Direct contact with spores
- Inoculation by trauma into the skin
_____ have true nuclei and are heterotrophic members of the plant
family
THALLOPHYTES
Eukaryotic fungi have _____ in the cell membrane. They are also _____ in nature which means that their nutrition are derived from organic materials
ERGOSTEROL ; SAPROPHYTIC
_______ are involve the deeper skin layers, including
muscle, connective tissue, and bone.
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
These are fungi that have different asexual forms of the same fungus. One example of this is Pseudallescheria boydii.
SYNANOMORPHS
this is the phase in dimorphism in which organism grown at 37° C with increased CO2
YEAST OR TISSUE STATE
DERMATOPHYTES, TINEA NIGRA, TINEA VERSICOLOR and PIEDRA are all examples of:
SUPERFICIAL OR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
This is a type of sexual spore that contained in a saclike structure called ASCUS
ASCOSPORES
following meiosis, _ to _ meiospores form within an ascus
4 - 8
following meiosis, ___ meiospores usually form on the surface of a basidiumx
4
A conidia that is small, unicellular with a round, elliptical, or pyriform shape
MICROCONIDIA
MACROCONIDIA has a spiny (______) or smooth
surface
ECHINULATE
Ubiquitous in nature and produce true septate hyphae. They all exhibit a sexual form (teleomorph) but also exist in an asexual form (anamorph)
Ascomycota
TRUE OR FALSE
Almost all molds are aerobic
TRUE
s
A conidia that is large, usually multiseptate, and club oval or spindle shaped
MACROCONIDIA
What is the Asexual and Sexual reproduction of Ascomycota?
Asexual reproduction: Conidia
Sexual reproduction: Ascospores
TRUE OR FALSE
Most yeasts are strict aerobes
FALSE
_____ formed by heterogenous fertilization and are involve the fusion of cells from separate, nonidentical hyphae
OOSPORES
They are generally plant pathogens or environmental organisms that rarely cause disease in humans. They also reproduce sexually through the formation of BASIDIOSPORES
Basidiomycota
these are cross-walls that divide hyphae
SEPTA
This contains large, thick-walled, usually spherical conidia produced by “rounding-up” and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells
CHLAMYDOCONIDIA
CHLAMYDOSPORES formed at the hyphal sides
SESSILE
TRUE OR FALSE
Obligate aerobes are not capable of metabolizing Lignin
FALSE
this is used to determine hyphal pigmentation in tissue
Masson-Fontana Stain
These are rough-walled spores produced by the fusion of two identical
cells arising from the same hypha
ZYGOSPORES
- Septate Hyphae are microscopic units of fungi
- Asseptate Hyphae or Sparsely Septate/Coenocytic are continuous without crosswalls
a. both are true
b. only statement 1 is true
c. only statement 2 is true
d. both are false
c. only statement 2 is true
CHLAMYDOSPORES formed at the hyphal tip
TERMINAL
A type of conidia that are produced by a “vaseshaped” conidiogenous
cell = PHIALIDE
Phialoconidia
What type of asexual spores does ARTHROCONIDIA have?
ARTHROSPORES
_____ are empty spaces that appear between each arthrospores in alternate arrangement
Disjunctor cells
Candida is an example of what type of conidia?
BLASTOCONIDIA
CHLAMYDOSPORES formed within the hyphal strand
INTERCALARY
______ is a mass of intertwining structure composed of hyphae and accumulates during active growth
MYCELIUM
Deuteromycota is also known as ______
FUNGI IMPERFECTI
In Masson-Fontana Stain,
- Phaeoid hyphae stains ______
- Hyaline hyphae stains ______
- brown
2. pink to red
_____ grows in or on a substrate and absorbs water and nutrients; anchor the colony
VEGETATIVE PORTION OR THALLUS
- contains fruiting bodies that produce the conidia and spores
- extends above the agar surface
REPRODUCTIVE PORTION OR AERIAL
This is a type of conidia that has the simplest type of sporulation and appear as square, rectangular, barrel-shaped thick-walled cells
when mature
ARTHROCONIDIA