2. Kidney, Adrenal gland, Ureter

Question 1

Which kidney is lower than the other?

Answer 1

Right is lower due to presence of liver

Question 2

Divisions of renal artery?

Answer 2

Renal artery → Segmental → Lobar → Interlobar → Arcuate → Interlobular

Question 3

What 3 things make up the renal sinus/cavity?

Answer 3

1. Renal pelvis
2. Major calyces
3. Minor calyces

Question 4

Around how many lobes does the kidney have?

Answer 4

10

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the ureters (divided into thirds)?

Answer 5

1. Upper third: Renal artery branches
2. Middle third: Common iliac + branches of Abdominal aorta + Gonadal arteries
3. Lower third: Internal iliac branches (Vesical)

Question 6

Where are the 3 constrictions of the ureter?

Answer 6

1. Ureter meets renal pelvis
2. Ureter crosses pelvic brim
3. Ureter passes wall of urinary bladder

Question 7

Define hydronephrosis.

Answer 7

Distension/enlargement of kidney due to excess urine

Question 8

What is the Vesico-ureteric Reflux?

Answer 8

Severe case of hydronephrosis, where backflow of urine causes a swollen renal sinus to develop

Question 9

Location of right and left adrenal glands?

Answer 9

Right: behind inferior vena cava above r. kidney

Left: behind pancreas above l. kidney

Question 10

What separates adrenal glands from kidney?

Answer 10

Perirenal fat

Question 11

Blood supply of adrenal glands?

Answer 11

1. Inferior phrenic artery
2. Abdominal aorta
3. Renal artery

Question 12

What 2 nerves are involved in innervation of the abdominal visceral organs?

Answer 12

1. Splanchnic nerves

2. Celiac plexus

Question 13

Function of renal papilla?

Answer 13

Drain urine from kidney