2. Introduction to the Immune System Flashcards
What sorts of things would be catagorized as an induced innate response?
Phagocytosis
Compliment activation
Inflammatory mechanisms
Cytokine secretion
What signals the “depot” of neutrophils in bone marrow to release into the blood?
Cytokines from local infection
What type of cell are Langerhan’s cells?
Skin dendritic cells
What cells can be found in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath?
T Cells
What kind of immunity generates immunologic memory?
Active immunity
What is the basic function of cell mediated immunity?
Killing infected host cells to eliminate reservoirs of infection
What is the basic function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes?
Destroys an infected host cell to release an intracellular pathogen and make it vulnerable to phagocytosis and elimination
What T cells primarily reside in the dermis?
CD4+ T Cells (T Helper cells)
What type of immunoglobulin is the primary immunoglobulin of the intestine?
IgA
About how long does the nieve adaptive immune system take to respond to infection?
5-7 days
What do mast cells do that is beneficial for immune response?
Regulate vascular permiability and effector cell recruitment
What type of immunity depends upon limited, germline encoded receptors?
Innate immunity
Which T Cells are primarily in the epidermis?
CD8+ T Cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)
How long do neutrophils function before dying?
1 or 2 days
What is active immunity?
What is passive immunity?
Active immunity is immunity as a response to a microbe or a microbial antigen
Passive immunity is immunity due to receipt of antibodies or T lymphocytes specific for the microbe.
What two cells get rid of damaged tissues?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
What kind of immunity is garnered by a vaccine?
Active immunity
/
Adaptive immunity
What are the four roles of macrophages as outlined in the slides?
- Homeostatic functions (clearing cellular debris and iron processing)
- Immune surveillance
- Response to infection
- Resolution of infection
How do naive T Cells enter lymph nodes?
Through high endothelial venules (HEV’s)
What is the name for the region of the spleen where B Cells are found?
The follicle
What is herd immunity?
The idea that if there are a large number of immune people in a population, disease has a difficult time spreading even to non-immune people, due to the lack of available vectors.
Which type of immunity gives rise to acute inflammation?
Innate immunity
How long does it take for an induced adaptive response to kick in?
>96 hours
What is the function of a dendritic cell?
Stimulation of T Cells especially, and the adaptive immune system more generally
How are blood borne antigens captured and presented in the spleen?
By local antigen presenting cells
What lymphocytes are found more towards the peripheral lymph nodes?
B Cells
What chemokine receptor do B Cells use to know to go through high endothelial venules to the B Cell zone of a lymph node (follicles)?
CXCR5
What does the white pulp of the spleen consist of?
The follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
What lymphocytes are found in the center of a lymph node?
T Cells
Which of the two phagocytes participates in cellular immunity?
Macrophages
(Neutrophils are not typically antigen presenting cells)
What is the principal defense mechanism against multicellular pathogens?
Humoral adaptive immunity
What are the five features of the acute inflammatory response?
Calor - Heat
Rubor - Redness
Tumor - Swelling
Dolor - Pain
Functio Laesa - Loss of function
When is an antibody to a specific antigen first developed?
Before the antigen is exposed to the immune system
What is the basic function of regulatory T cells?
Suppresses the immune response to self antigens
What chemokine receptor do T Cells use to know to go to the high endothelial venules and the T Cell zone of the lymph nodes?
CCR7 chemokine receptor
Who is the “father of cell mediated immunity?”
Eliya Metchnikoff
What cell is responsible for acute allergic reactions?
Mast cells
What are the three “secondary” lymphoid organs?
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Mucosal immune tissues
What are the two “primary” lymphoid organs?
Bone marrow
Thymus
What sort of cells express CD34?
Pluripotent stem cells
Where do dendritic cells present antigens to T Cells?
T Cell zone of lymph nodes
What do keratinocytes produce that controls resident microorganisms on the skin?
Antimicrobial peptides
What are “sentinal cells?”
Immune cells in the tissues, rather than in the blood.
What is the basic function of T Helper cells?
Recognize antigens on antigen presenting cells and secrete cytokines to activate other immune and inflammatory mechanisms.
What is the function of a peyer’s patch?
Takes pathogens from the lumen of the intestine and presents it to the immune cells.
How long does it take for an induced innate response to kick in?
4-96 hours
Which type of immunity has memory?
Adaptive immunity
Where would you see plasmacytoid dendritic cells?
Embryological development
What are the eight cells of innate immunity?
Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil
Mast cell
Monocyte
Macrophage
Dendritic Cell
Natural Killer Cell
Which cells of adaptive immunity require stimulation from a middleman to function?
T Cells
What two cells can differentiate from a blood monocyte?
Dendritic cell
Macrophage
How do phagocytes recruit other cells to the site of infection?
Release of cytokines
What two cells are phagocytes?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
