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05. HDM Test 1 > 2. Introduction to the Immune System > Flashcards

2. Introduction to the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What sorts of things would be catagorized as an induced innate response?

A

Phagocytosis

Compliment activation

Inflammatory mechanisms

Cytokine secretion

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2
Q

What signals the “depot” of neutrophils in bone marrow to release into the blood?

A

Cytokines from local infection

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3
Q

What type of cell are Langerhan’s cells?

A

Skin dendritic cells

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4
Q

What cells can be found in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath?

A

T Cells

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5
Q

What kind of immunity generates immunologic memory?

A

Active immunity

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6
Q

What is the basic function of cell mediated immunity?

A

Killing infected host cells to eliminate reservoirs of infection

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7
Q

What is the basic function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes?

A

Destroys an infected host cell to release an intracellular pathogen and make it vulnerable to phagocytosis and elimination

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8
Q

What T cells primarily reside in the dermis?

A

CD4+ T Cells (T Helper cells)

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9
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is the primary immunoglobulin of the intestine?

A

IgA

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10
Q

About how long does the nieve adaptive immune system take to respond to infection?

A

5-7 days

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11
Q

What do mast cells do that is beneficial for immune response?

A

Regulate vascular permiability and effector cell recruitment

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12
Q

What type of immunity depends upon limited, germline encoded receptors?

A

Innate immunity

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13
Q

Which T Cells are primarily in the epidermis?

A

CD8+ T Cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

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14
Q

How long do neutrophils function before dying?

A

1 or 2 days

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15
Q

What is active immunity?

What is passive immunity?

A

Active immunity is immunity as a response to a microbe or a microbial antigen

Passive immunity is immunity due to receipt of antibodies or T lymphocytes specific for the microbe.

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16
Q

What two cells get rid of damaged tissues?

A

Neutrophils

Macrophages

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17
Q

What kind of immunity is garnered by a vaccine?

A

Active immunity

/

Adaptive immunity

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18
Q

What are the four roles of macrophages as outlined in the slides?

A
  1. Homeostatic functions (clearing cellular debris and iron processing)
  2. Immune surveillance
  3. Response to infection
  4. Resolution of infection
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19
Q

How do naive T Cells enter lymph nodes?

A

Through high endothelial venules (HEV’s)

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20
Q

What is the name for the region of the spleen where B Cells are found?

A

The follicle

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21
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

The idea that if there are a large number of immune people in a population, disease has a difficult time spreading even to non-immune people, due to the lack of available vectors.

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22
Q

Which type of immunity gives rise to acute inflammation?

A

Innate immunity

23
Q

How long does it take for an induced adaptive response to kick in?

A

>96 hours

24
Q

What is the function of a dendritic cell?

A

Stimulation of T Cells especially, and the adaptive immune system more generally

25
Q

How are blood borne antigens captured and presented in the spleen?

A

By local antigen presenting cells

26
Q

What lymphocytes are found more towards the peripheral lymph nodes?

A

B Cells

27
Q

What chemokine receptor do B Cells use to know to go through high endothelial venules to the B Cell zone of a lymph node (follicles)?

A

CXCR5

28
Q

What does the white pulp of the spleen consist of?

A

The follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

29
Q

What lymphocytes are found in the center of a lymph node?

A

T Cells

30
Q

Which of the two phagocytes participates in cellular immunity?

A

Macrophages

(Neutrophils are not typically antigen presenting cells)

31
Q

What is the principal defense mechanism against multicellular pathogens?

A

Humoral adaptive immunity

32
Q

What are the five features of the acute inflammatory response?

A

Calor - Heat

Rubor - Redness

Tumor - Swelling

Dolor - Pain

Functio Laesa - Loss of function

33
Q

When is an antibody to a specific antigen first developed?

A

Before the antigen is exposed to the immune system

34
Q

What is the basic function of regulatory T cells?

A

Suppresses the immune response to self antigens

35
Q

What chemokine receptor do T Cells use to know to go to the high endothelial venules and the T Cell zone of the lymph nodes?

A

CCR7 chemokine receptor

36
Q

Who is the “father of cell mediated immunity?”

A

Eliya Metchnikoff

37
Q

What cell is responsible for acute allergic reactions?

A

Mast cells

38
Q

What are the three “secondary” lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Mucosal immune tissues

39
Q

What are the two “primary” lymphoid organs?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

40
Q

What sort of cells express CD34?

A

Pluripotent stem cells

41
Q

Where do dendritic cells present antigens to T Cells?

A

T Cell zone of lymph nodes

42
Q

What do keratinocytes produce that controls resident microorganisms on the skin?

A

Antimicrobial peptides

43
Q

What are “sentinal cells?”

A

Immune cells in the tissues, rather than in the blood.

44
Q

What is the basic function of T Helper cells?

A

Recognize antigens on antigen presenting cells and secrete cytokines to activate other immune and inflammatory mechanisms.

45
Q

What is the function of a peyer’s patch?

A

Takes pathogens from the lumen of the intestine and presents it to the immune cells.

46
Q

How long does it take for an induced innate response to kick in?

A

4-96 hours

47
Q

Which type of immunity has memory?

A

Adaptive immunity

48
Q

Where would you see plasmacytoid dendritic cells?

A

Embryological development

49
Q

What are the eight cells of innate immunity?

A

Neutrophil

Basophil

Eosinophil

Mast cell

Monocyte

Macrophage

Dendritic Cell

Natural Killer Cell

50
Q

Which cells of adaptive immunity require stimulation from a middleman to function?

A

T Cells

51
Q

What two cells can differentiate from a blood monocyte?

A

Dendritic cell

Macrophage

52
Q

How do phagocytes recruit other cells to the site of infection?

A

Release of cytokines

53
Q

What two cells are phagocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Macrophages

05. HDM Test 1 (7 decks)

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