2- Introduction to Amino Acids Flashcards
Which of the amino acids have aromatic sidechains?
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Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, & Tryptophan
Which of the amino acids have aliphatic sidechains?
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Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Proline, & Isoleucine
Which of the amino acids have a hydroxyl or sulfur sidechain?
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Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, & Methionine
Which amino acids are basic?
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Histadine, Lysine & Arginine
which amino acids are acidic (and what are their Amides)?
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Aspartic –> Asparagine
Glutamic –> Glutamine
Defects in metabolism of which amino acids lead to maple syrup urine disease?
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Valine, Leucine, Proline & Isoleucine
Which disorders arise from defects in the metabolism of tyrosine?
Tyrosinosis, albinism (lack of skin pigmentation), and alkaptonuria (“dark urine disease”)
Which disorders arise from defects to the metabolism of Phenylalanine?
phenylketonuria : mental retardation and early death
With respect to the amino acids that we discussed, what is the cause of pellagra?
Lack of tryptophan in the diet (ex. in poor areas where corn is the dietary staple).
Which amino acids have hydroxl groups on the side chain?
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Serine & Threonine
Which amino acids contain sulfur?
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Cysteine & Methionine
When they are in proteins, what kinds of reactions do amino acids with sulfur or hydroxide occasionally undergo?
Hydroxyl groups are modified by phosphorylation.
Cysteine forms Cystine.
Which amino acids are referred to as essential?
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Phenylalanine, valine, treonine. Tryptophan, Isoleucine, methionine, Histidine, Arginine (children), Lysine, Leucine,
Name at least 4 types of compounds for which amino acids are the precursors
Nucleotides, amino sugars, glycoproteins, and neurotransmitters
Ex. Hemes, Purines, Pyrimidines, Glucose, Sphingosine, Serotonin
