(2) Intro to Antibiotics (Sheehy)

Question 1

What are the 5 major aspects of bacterial machinery?

Answer 1

Cell Wall Synthesis

Membrane Integrity

Protein Synthesis

Folate Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

Question 2

Bacterial cell wall synthesis

What is the major enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis?

Answer 2

Transpeptidase

–> It covalently binds amino acids from repeating disaccharides to form the peptidoglycan layer (cell wall)

Question 3

Bacterial Protein Synthesis

The bacterial ribosome consists of a ___ S particle

( ___ = large, ___ =small)

Answer 3

70S

50s=large

30s=small

Question 4

Describe bacterial DNA

Answer 4

Circular genomic DNA with smaller adjacent circular plasmids containing potential antibiotic resistance genes

Question 5

Why do bacteria need to synthesize folate?

Answer 5

Bacteria cannot utilize outside sources of folate!!!

Need to synthesize tetrahydrofolate to form purines and other metabolic building blocks

Question 6

What contributes to the membrane integrity of a bacteria?

Answer 6

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Question 7

Define an antibiotic

Answer 7

Substance or compound that kills

OR

Inhibits the growth of bacteria

Question 8

Define:

Selective toxicity

Answer 8

The ability of an antibiotic agent to cause harm to the bacteria without causing significant damage to the host

Question 9

Define:

Bactericidal

Answer 9

Killing of bacteria

Question 10

Define:

Bacteriostatic

Answer 10

Prevents bacteria from multiplying

Question 11

Define:

Broad vs Narrow spectrum

Answer 11

Narrow = specific target

Broad = broad target

Question 12

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 12

Bacteria resist the actions of frequently used drugs

Bacteria can mutate or evolve when challenged with antibiotics

Question 13

What is the major cause of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 13

Over-prescription

and

Misuse of antibiotics

Question 14

How is antibiotic resistance prevented?

Answer 14

Appropriate antibiotics prescribed

Antibiotics used as indicated for full course

Question 15

Answer 15

C. To treat animals

Question 16

Define:

Synergy

Answer 16

Inhibitory or killing effects of two or more antibiotics in combination are greater than their effects individually

Question 17

Define:

Antagonism

Answer 17

Inhibitory or killing effects of two or more antibiotics in combination are less than their effects individually

Question 18

Cell Wall Inhibitors

What are the three major categories?

Answer 18

Beta lactams

Monobactams

Glycopeptides & Lipoglycopeptides

Question 19

What are the three types of drugs that fall under the cell wall synthesis inhibitors : Beta lactams?

Answer 19

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Question 20

Answer 20

D. Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 21

Answer 21

C. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25