2) Inflammation

Question 1

complex reaction of vascularized tissue to infection or cell injury that involves extravascular accumulation of plasma proteins and leukocytes

Answer 1

inflammation

Question 2

What are the 4 classical signs of inflammation?

Answer 2

1) redness
2) swelling
3) heat
4) pain

Question 3

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 3

1) remove pathogenic insults
2) remove injured tissue
3) institute wound healing (or scarring if tissue cannot be repaired)

Question 4

If inflammation did not occur, would healing be able to proceed?

Answer 4

NO, infections would go unchecked and wound healing will not proceed

Question 5

What is the time course of acute inflammation?

Answer 5

hours of days

Question 6

What is the time course of chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

weeks, months, or years

Question 7

What leukocyte is present in acute inflammation? What about chronic inflammation?

Answer 7

1) acute - neutrophils

2) chronic - lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 8

What are the potential outcomes of inflammation?

Answer 8

1) resolution
2) abscess
3) scarring
4) chronic inflammation

Question 9

What does pus contain?

Answer 9

neutrophils and necrotic debris

Question 10

walled off collection of pus. occurs when the body cannot rid itself of the inciting agent

Answer 10

abscess

Question 11

tissue is irreversibly injured in spite of the elimination of offending agent

Answer 11

scarring

Question 12

removing of any offending agents, and restoration of normal, tissue architecture

Answer 12

resolution

Question 13

occurs if acute inflammation fails to remove the offending agent

Answer 13

chronic inflammation

Question 14

What are the major components of acute inflammation?

Answer 14

1) vasodilation
2) increased vascular permeability
3) accumulation of leukocytes at site of infection

Question 15

Following an injury, what is the first thing that occurs?

Answer 15

leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells) in epithelial barriers produce and release inflammatory mediators

Question 16

What do mast cells release from their granules in response to injury/ trauma or the complement anaphylatoxin C5a?

Answer 16

histamine and prostaglandins

Question 17

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
prostaglandins, nitric oxide, histamine

Answer 17

vasodilation

Question 18

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, PAF

Answer 18

increased vascular permeability

Question 19

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
TNF, IL-1, chemokine (C3a, C5a), leukotriene B4, bacterial products (PAMPS)

Answer 19

chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and activation

Question 20

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
IL-1, TNF, prostaglandins

Answer 20

fever

Question 21

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
prostaglandins, bradykinin

Answer 21

pain

Question 22

These inflammatory mediators are involved with which inflammatory component:
lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes, ROS, Nitric oxide

Answer 22

tissue damage