2: Infections of GI tract Flashcards
Define gastroenteritis
Diarrhoea cause by infection of GI tract with bacteria, virus or parasite
Define diarrhoea
More than 3 episodes of partially formed watery stool for <14d
Define dystentry
Infective gastroenteritis with blood
What is persistent diarrhoea
Diarrhoea >14d
What 6 infections are know to cause dysentry
SECCSY (Sexy)
Salmonella E.Coli Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium difficile Shigella Yersinia
What bacteria have an incubation period of 1-6h
Staph.A
Bacilleus Cereus
What bacteria have an incubation period 12-48h
E.Coli
Salmonella
What bacteria have an incubation period of 48-72h
Campylobacter.J
Shigella
What two organisms have an incubation period for more than 7 days
Giardiasis
Amoebiasis
What are two risk factors for Norovirus
- Contact with infected food, person or surface
2. Outbreaks in hospitals
What is the incubation period of norovirus
12-48h
How will norovirus present clinically
Acute-onset vomiting and watery diarrhoea
When is norovirus infection common
Winter outbreaks at hospitals and nursing homes
What type of organism is norovirus
ssRNA
how is norovirus diagnosed
Clinically
rt-PCR
how is norovirus infection managed
Oral rehydration solution
In which population is rotavirus infection more common
Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
How will rotavirus present clinically
Vomiting and diarrhoea
What is the incubation period of rotavirus
1-3d
How is rotavirus investigated for
Clinical
ELISA Stool toxin
What is used to manage rotavirus
Oral rehydration solution
How can rotavirus be prevented
Oral live-attenuated vaccine given at 2,3m as part of immunisation schedule in the UK
What food substance can cause clostridium pefringens infection
- Undercooked meat
- Refrigerated meet
- Legumes
What is the incubation of clostridium pefringens
6-24h
How does clostridium pefringens present clinically
Crampy abdominal pain and watery diarrhoea
What organism is clostridium pefringens
Gram positive anaerobe
What is a complication of clostridium pefringens
B toxin - can cause necrotising fulminant enterocolitis. Presents as abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea and sepsis.
Where is bacillus cereus obtained from
re-heated rice
What are two sources of cholera
- Contaminated water
- Undercooked sea-food
How will cholera present clinically
Rice-water stools
Vomiting
Low-grade fever
What type of organism is cholera
Gram negative
How can cholera be diagnosed
Rapid stool test
MC+S
What is first-line to manage cholera
Oral rehydration solution. If severe, IV fluids