2) Group 2 Flashcards
Describe the group 2 trend
- Atomic radius increases down a group
- Atoms have more electron shells
- More shielding of nuclear charge
- Increase in shielding outweighs the increase in number of protons
- Less nuclear attraction for outer electron so electron held less tightly
Describe the trend in ionisation energies in group 2
- Ionisation energies decrease down the group
- Atoms have more electron shells
- More shielding of nuclear charge
- Increase in shielding outweighs the increase in number of protons
- Less nuclear attraction for outermost electron, requires less energy
Describe the trend in reactivity in group 2
- Reactivity increases down the group
- Atoms have more electron shells
- More shielding of nuclear charge
- Increase in shielding outweighs the increase in number of protons
- Less nuclear attraction for outermost electron
- So electron is lost more easily
What are the products and observations when a group 2 metal reacts with oxygen
Product= Metal oxide ( MgO)
Observation= Form a white solid
What are the products and observations when a group 2 metal reacts with water
Products= Metal hydroxide + hydrogen (Ca(OH)2)
Observations= Bubbles, solid dissolves
What are the products and observations and the only metal in group 2 that will react with steam
Metal= Magnesium
Products= Metal oxide + hydrogen
Observations= white solid formed
What are the products and observations when a group 2 metal oxide reacts with water
Products= Metal hydroxide ( Mg(OH)2)
Observation= White solid dissolves
What are the products and observations when a group 2 metal reacts with an acid
Product= Metal salt + hydrogen
Observation= Bubbles, solid dissolves
What are the products and observations when a group 2 metal carbonate reacts with an acid
Product= Metal salt + carbon dioxide + water
Observations= Bubbles, solid dissolves
What is the trend in solubility of the group 2 hydroxides
The solubility increases down the group and the solutions formed become more alkaline ( as increasing number of OH- ions are in solution)
What is the industrial/ commercial use of Ca(OH)2 and state why
Use = Neutralise acidic soils
Why = It is an alkaline
What is the industrial/ commercial use of Mg(OH)2 and state why
Use = Indigestion remedy
Why = Neutralise the HCl in stomach acid
What is the industrial/ commercial use of CaCO3 and state why
Use = Indigestion remedy
Why = Neutralise the HCl in stomach acid
How to test for CO2
- Bubble gas through limewater
- Limewater turns cloudy, due to a white precipitate formed, if CO2 is present
