2: Getting Down To Basics Flashcards
True or False: There are over 100 kinds of atoms.
True
What primarily differentiates atoms, or elements, from each other?
The number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus.
Atoms of elements can join together in groups to form what?
A molecule.
Example: Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen form a molecule of water.
What are found outside the nucleus and carry a negative charge?
Electrons.
True or False: The nucleus is positively charged.
True.
Will a neutral atom that gains electrons result in a negative or positive charge?
Negative.
Atoms that gain electrons from a neutral state become negatively charged.
What is electrostatic attraction?
The phenomenon where negative electrons are held in place by the positive protons in the nucleus.
True or false: Particles with like charges attract each other.
False.
Particles with opposite charges attract each other. Like charges repel each other.
What is the name for a charged (negatively or positively) atom or molecule?
An ion.
What is the process of an atom or molecule becoming (negatively or positively) charged called?
Ionization.
What are valence electrons?
The electrons in the outdoor shell of an atom.
These atoms can be put under stress and caused to move to another atom.
What is electrical current?
The flow of electrons.
What is a conductor?
The substance through which current, or the flow of electrons, moves.
What is a coulomb? How is it abbreviated?
The basic unit of charge. 6.28 x 10E18 electrons.
What is an ampere? How is it abbreviated?
The rate of flow of electrons. One ampere (A) is one colomb per second.
What is the symbol for current?
I (capital i)
What is one thousandth of an ampere called? What symbol?
A milliampere.
mA.
What is one millionth of an ampere called? What symbol?
A microampere.
uA.
What are volts? How are they abbreviated?
A unit of measurement for the work needed to put a charge onto a body by adding electrons to it.
Abbreviated as V.