2: Federalism Flashcards
Dual Federalism
A political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.
Cooperative federalism
A concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally (such as the dual federalism of the 19th century United States) or clashing over a policy in a system dominated by the national government.
States’ rights ++
Political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government according to theUnited States Constitution.
Implied powers +
Those powers authorized by a document (from the Constitution) that, while not stated, seem to be implied by powers expressly stated.
Grant-in-Aid
Money coming from central government for a specific project. This kind of funding is usually used when the government and parliament have decided that the recipient should be publicly funded but operate with reasonable independence from the state.
Categorical grant
Grants issued by the United States Congress, which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.
Formula grant +
The specified formula is a rule that tells potential recipients precisely how they can calculate the quantity of aid to which they are entitled under the provisions of law, as long as the recipient qualifies for such assistance under the stipulations of the program.
Project grant
A type of categorical grant. State and local governments and even individuals submit their applications to the federal government asking for government help. The applications are then scored based upon certain criteria and then winners of the grant are announced.
Block grant
Large sum of money granted by the national government to a regional government with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent.
Nullification +
A legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. The theory of nullification has never been legally upheld by federal courts.
Municipal government +
Municipal governments are organized local governments authorized in state constitutions and statutes, established to provide general government for a defined area, generally corresponding to a population center rather than one of a set of areas into which a county is divided.
County government +
County governments are organized local governments authorized in state constitutions and statutes. Counties and county-equivalents form the first-tier administrative division of the states
School district ++
A school district is a form of special-purpose district which serves to operate local public primary and secondary schools.
Home rule
The power of a constituent part (administrative division) of a state to exercise such of the state’s powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been decentralized to it by the central government.
Impeachment +
