2. Experiment in Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

On what date did the Estates-General open? What were 2 clear issues on its opening day? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 1

The Estates-General opened on the 5th May 1789, with no clear reform package compiled and no indication of the procedures which would govern debate and meetings of the Estates-General.

Question 2

When was the National Assembly formed? How many voted for/against this measure? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 2

The National Assembly was formed on the 17th June 1789, with 490 voting in favour and 90 against.

Question 3

When was the Tennis Court Oath taken? What did this agree? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 3

The Tennis Court Oath was taken on the 20th June 1789, with this declaring that this body would not disband until France had delivered a Constitutional Monarchy.

Question 4

On what date did the clergy join the National Assembly? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 4

The clergy joined the National Assembly on the 19th June 1789.

Question 5

When did Louis hold a Royal Session following the formation of the National Assembly? What did this agree? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 5

Louis held a Royal Session on the 23rd June, committing to reform to taxation, although he refused to recognise the National Assembly as a body.

Question 6

How many troops did Louis have stationed in Paris in June 1789? How many had this been increased to by July 1789? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 6

Louis had 4,800 troops in Paris by the end of June, increased to 30,000 by the start of July amid rising discontent with his actions and economic issues.

Question 7

On what date did Louis dismiss Necker? What did this indicate? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 7

Louis dismissed Necker on the 11th July 1789.

Question 8

When did the Storming of the Bastille take place? How many attackers were killed? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 8

The Storming of the Bastille happened on the 14th July 1789, with 70 attackers killed in the process.

Question 9

When did Louis travel to Paris following the Storming of the Bastille? What did he commit to/action did he take? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 9

Louis travelled to Paris on the 17th July 1789, sporting a revolutionary cockade and announced the reinstatement of Necker and the acceptance of the National Assembly, Paris Commune and National Guard.

Question 10

When did the Great Fear take place from-until? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 10

The Great Fear took place between the 17th July and 3rd August, caused by the fear that grain supplies were being hoarded by the wealthy or that foreign armies would crush the progress of the Revolution.

Question 11

When were the August Decrees passed? What are examples of these? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 11

The National Assembly abolished feudal rights on the 4th August 1789, abolishing feudal obligations to landlords without compensation, ending tithes, abolishing venality, creating proportional taxation, abolishing privilege.

Question 12

When was the DOROMAC passed? What rights did this grant? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 12

The DOROMAC was passed on the 26th August 1789, stating all men are born free and equal in rights, no one shall be arrested without fair reason, property is an inviolable right etc.

Question 13

When did the October Days take place? How many people marched with this? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 13

The October Days took place on the 5th October, with 6,000-7,000 women marching to Versailles with the National Guard.

Question 14

When were Louis and the Royal Family escorted back to Paris? Who by? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 14

Louis and his family were escorted back to Paris by a mob and the National Guard on the 6th October 1789, taken to the Tuileries Palace.

Question 15

When was Church property nationalised? Why was this done? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 15

All Church property was nationalised on the 2nd November 1789, with this aiming to solve the nation’s financial crisis.

Question 16

When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy passed? What did this determine? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 16

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was passed on the 12th July 1790. This meant that the clergy would become paid by the state, every département was provided with a Bishop, all Bishops and priests would be elected by their parishioners.

Question 17

When was the Oath to the Civil Constitution passed? What did this determine? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 17

The Oath to the Civil Constitution was passed on the 27th November 1790, declaring that all clergy should swear allegiance to the state and that should they not, they would be deprived of their office and salary.

Question 18

How many bishops took the Oath to the Civil Constitution? What percentage of parish clergy took the oath? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 18

Only 7 out of 160 bishops took the Oath to the Civil Constitution, whilst 55% of parish clergy did so.

Question 19

When did the National Assembly brand refractory priests as counter-revolutionaries?

Answer 19

The National Assembly branded Refractory Priests as ‘counter-revolutionaries’ in November 1791.

Question 20

What qualified someone as an active citizen? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 20

An active citizen is someone paying more than 5 days of labour in taxes, granted the opportunity to vote in elections.

Question 21

Following the abolition of the old provinces, what were they replaced with? What were these bodies responsible for? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 21

The abolition of the provinces brought the creation of 83 départements. These oversaw law and order, collection of taxes and other administration as part of the decentralisation drive.

Question 22

What alterations were made to the judicial system by the National Assembly reforms? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 22

The judicial system saw the introduction of 2 juries for a trial, one to determine whether a prosecution should take place and one for a verdict. It also saw the creation of salaried judges rather than venal ones.

Question 23

What reforms did the National Assembly make to legal rights? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 23

The National Assembly determined that all sentences would be fair and proportionate, all capital punishments would be delivered by the guillotine as a universal method, a lawyer would be available for all accused.

Question 24

When did assignats begin to be issued? What were these? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 24

Assignats began to be issued in December 1789, which were government bonds issued as paper money in return for the purchase of church lands. Later began to be used as paper money.

Question 25

When was the economic restructuring program introduced by the National Assembly? What measures were proposed by this? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 25

The economic restructuring program was introduced in 1791, proposing the introduction of a general land tax, a tax on property and a tax on commercial activities.

Question 26

What stance did the National Assembly take towards the grain trade? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 26

The National Assembly deregulated the trade in grain, leaving it to market conditions rather than price controls. This was introduced in August 1791.

Question 27

When was the Le Chapelier Law introduced? What did this determine? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 27

The Le Chapelier Law was introduced in June 1791, limiting freedom of association and preventing workers from striking or forming trade unions to protect their working rights.

Question 28

When was the patriotic contribution introduced? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 28

The patriotic contribution was introduced in 1789 to be paid over 2 years, with 25% of incomes of people on over 400 livres/year paid as tax.

Question 29

What divisions emerged between groups in society following the abolition of privilege? Which group dominated society after this? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 29

Divisions of gender, wealth and office emerged very quickly following the abolition of venality and social privilege. The bourgeoisie then came to dominate society following this point.

Question 30

What was the size of the Jacobin membership by the end of 1790? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 30

The Jacobin membership was over 1000 by the end of 1790.

Question 31

Why was Louis unhappy in 1791 prior to the Flight to Varennes? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 31

Louis was a prisoner in the Tuileries, he had been forced to pass the CCC, he had been denied the chance to take mass by a refractory priest in Easter 1791, they had assurances of assistance from Leopold, Marie-Antoinette’s brother.

Question 32

When did the Flight to Varennes take place? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 32

The Flight to Varennes took place on the 20th/21st June 1791.

Question 33

When was the Champ de Mars Massacre? How many people gathered? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 33

The Champ de Mars Massacre took place on the 17th July 1791. 50,000 people gathered there.

Question 34

How many people were killed at the Champ de Mars Massacre? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 34

50 people were killed at the Champ de Mars Massacre.

Question 35

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued? What did this declare? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 35

The Declaration of Pillnitz was issued on the 27th August 1791, stating that the French Crown should be restored to previous powers and that military force should be used to bring this about.

Question 36

What percentage of pre-revolutionary army officers were now involved within the private armies of émigrées? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 36

60% of pre-revolutionary private army officers were involved in private armies.

Question 37

When was a decree made that refractory priests take the OttCC or be branded as traitors? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 37

A decree was made in November 1791 demanded that refractory priests take the OttCC or be branded as traitors.

Question 38

When did the Legislative Assembly first meet? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 38

The Legislative Assembly first met in October 1791.

Question 39

When did France declare war on Austria? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 39

France declared war on Austria on the 20th April 1792.

Question 40

How many men did Prussia promise in the war effort against France? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 40

France promised 20,000 troops in support of any war against France.

Question 41

When was a decree passed demanding the deportation of refractory priests for ‘provoking disturbances’? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 41

A decree was passed demanding the deportation of refractory priests on the 27th May 1792.

Question 42

When did Louis dismiss his entire ministry following the National Assembly decrees and the declaration of war? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 42

Louis dismissed his entire ministry on the 13th June 1792.

Question 43

When was Louis’ King’s Guard disbanded by a National Assembly decree? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 43

Louis’ King’s Guard was decreed to be disbanded in the 29th May 1792.

Question 44

When did the first Revolutionary Journée take place? How many sans-culottes gathered? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 44

The first Revolutionary Journée took place on the 20th June 1792. 8000 sans-culottes gathered at the Tuileries.

Question 45

When was the decree ‘La Patrie en Danger’ issued? What did this declare? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 45

‘La Patrie en Danger’ was issued on the 11th July 1792, calling on all men to support the war effort in a spirit of self-sacrifice.

Question 46

When was the Brunswick Manifesto issued? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 46

The Brunswick Manifesto was issued on the 25th July 1792, warning that any captured National Guardsmen would be put to death and that Paris would suffer should harm come to the King.

Question 47

When did the Second Revolutionary Journée take place? How many sans-culottes gathered? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 47

The Second Revolutionary Journée took place on the 10th August 1792, with 20,000 sans-culottes gathering at the Tuileries.

Question 48

How many sans-culottes and fédérés were killed or wounded at the Second Revolutionary Journée? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 48

Nearly 1000 sans-culottes and fédérés were killed in the fighting at the Second Revolutionary Journée.

Question 49

When did Longwy fall to Austrian-Prussian forces? When did Verdun become under siege? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 49

Longwy fell to the enemy on the 25th August 1792, whilst Verdun fell under siege on the 1st September 1792.

Question 50

How many people were killed in Parisian prisons as part of the September massacres? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 50

1000-15000 were killed in Parisian prisoners as part of the September Massacres.

Question 51

When did the September Massacres take place? What sorts of people were killed? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 51

The September Massacres took place from the 2nd-6th September 1792. The Massacres were targeted at suspected counter-revolutionaries such as monks, priests, nuns, political prisoners and ordinary criminals.

Question 52

How many Girondin deputies were elected in Paris in September 1792 to the National Convention? - Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 52

NO Girondin deputies were elected to the National Convention in September 1792.