2. Exam Q

Question 1

label

Answer 1

Question 2

label

Answer 2

Question 3

name and function

Answer 3

mitochondrion

aerobic respiration / ATP synthesis

Question 4

name and function

Answer 4

Golgi body

process and package proteins

Question 5

name and function

Answer 5

RER

transport polypeptides to Golgi body

Question 6

name and function

Answer 6

nucleus

contains the genetic code for polypeptides

Question 7

Answer 7

chloroplast
(ii) A stroma
B lamella / lamellae
C inner and outer chloroplast membranes
D thylakoid / granum

Question 8

name

Answer 8

plasmodesmata

Question 9

Explain the importance of these structures to plant cells.

Answer 9

enable substances to pass directly from one cell to another

Question 10

Answer 10

bacteria prokaryotic
plants and animals eukaryotic

Question 11

Answer 11

(i) bacteria prokaryotic
plants and animals eukaryotic
(ii) mitochondria
(iii) A outer and inner mitochondrial membrane
B crista / cristae
C matrix
D circular DNA molecule
E inter-membrane space
(iv) F rough endoplasmic reticulum / RER transport polypeptides to Golgi bodies
G ribosomes protein synthesis

Question 12

(v) Describe the differences between structures G in bacteria and in plants and animals.

ribosomes

Answer 12

ribosomes / G in bacteria are smaller / 70S
than those in plant and animal cells – 80S

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

(a) (i) nucleus

Question 15

Answer 15

3. (a) (i) nucleus
   (ii)

I Name the two molecules found in chromosomes DNA and histone proteins
II A and B are both forms of chromatin. Name these forms A = heterochromatin
B = euchromatin
III Which of A and B contains DNA with active genes? B / euchromatin

	(iii)	2.
	(iv)	D = nuclear pores
		enable passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
	(v)	E = nucleolus
		synthesis of rRNA.

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

(b) (i) infolding of A mesosome
suggested function increase surface area for eg respiration / photosynthesis
(ii) cristae

Question 18

Answer 18

(c) (i) A vacuole
B tonoplast
(ii) stores water / nutrients / wastes
makes plant cells turgid when full
provides shape to plant cells
(iii) A / vacuole in plant cells is large and permanent
in animal cells vacuoles are small and temporary

Question 19

(iii) Using letters from the diagram identify which of the structures shown are connective tissues.

Answer 19

(iii) A
D
E
F
G

Question 20

Explain why the whole biceps is an organ and not a tissue.

Answer 20

(iv) (biceps) contains several tissues working together not just a single tissue

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

waste Iodine in potassium iodide solution would need to be diluted with a lot of water to bring its concentration to a low level to reduce the risk to the environment and people

Question 24

gpt

Answer 24

Question 1
(a)
(i) Explanation of why Cell 2 is a eukaryotic plant cell:

Presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. [2]
(ii) Using letters from diagrams:

I: Plasmodesmata (enables communication between cells). [1]
II: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (involved in lipid synthesis). [1]
III: Cristae in mitochondria (increases surface area for biochemical reactions). [1]
IV: Nucleus (contains chromosomes). [1]
V: Circular DNA (prokaryotic feature). [1]
(iii) Differences between Cell 2 and an animal cell:

Presence of chloroplasts in Cell 2 (absent in animal cells). [1]
Presence of a cellulose cell wall in Cell 2 (absent in animal cells). [1]

Question 25

GPT

Answer 25

Question 2
(a) Table of organelles:
Surrounded by a double membrane: Mitochondria [1]
Produces glycoproteins: Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
Buds off lysosomes: Golgi body [1]
Many found in cells where active transport occurs: Mitochondria [1]
Abundant in lipid-secreting cells: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum [1]
Has ribosomes attached: Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
(b) Venn diagram identification:

X: Viruses [1]
Y: Eukaryotes [1]
Z: Prokaryotes [1]

Question 26

GPT

Answer 26

Question 3
(a) Microscope used to view tissue:
Transmission electron microscope (high magnification and resolution). [1]
(b) Labeling structures:

X: Cilia [1]
Y: Goblet cells [1]
(c) Function of cells in the trachea:

Cilia beat rhythmically to move mucus and trapped particles. [1]
Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap dust and pathogens. [1]
(d) Actual height of the cell between a and b:

Use magnification and formula: Actual size = Image size / Magnification [2]
(e) Definition of tissue:

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. [2]

Question 27

GPT

Answer 27

Question 4
(a) Calculation of epu length:
1 stage micrometer division = 10 μm. Calculate using the stage micrometer alignment. [2]
(b) Calculation of cell length and width:

Length = 38 epu × epu size. [1]
Width = 9 epu × epu size. [1]

Question 28

Answer 28

(a) Organelle controlling cell division:
Centrioles. [1]
(b)
(i) Molecules passing from nucleus to cytoplasm via structure A:

Molecules pass through nuclear pores by diffusion or active transport. [1]
(ii) Function of structure B:

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes. [1]
(c) Role of RER, Golgi, and vesicles in enzyme production and secretion:

RER synthesizes enzymes and packages them into vesicles. [1]
Golgi modifies and processes enzymes. [1]
Secretory vesicles transport enzymes to the cell membrane for exocytosis. [1]
(d) Structure C and appearance of different sizes:

Structure C: Lysosomes. [1]
Explanation: Different orientations or stages of budding/merging. [1]