2. Exam Q Flashcards
label
label
name and function
mitochondrion
aerobic respiration / ATP synthesis
name and function
Golgi body
process and package proteins
name and function
RER
transport polypeptides to Golgi body
name and function
nucleus
contains the genetic code for polypeptides
chloroplast
(ii) A stroma
B lamella / lamellae
C inner and outer chloroplast membranes
D thylakoid / granum
name
plasmodesmata
Explain the importance of these structures to plant cells.
enable substances to pass directly from one cell to another
bacteria prokaryotic
plants and animals eukaryotic
(i) bacteria prokaryotic
plants and animals eukaryotic
(ii) mitochondria
(iii) A outer and inner mitochondrial membrane
B crista / cristae
C matrix
D circular DNA molecule
E inter-membrane space
(iv) F rough endoplasmic reticulum / RER transport polypeptides to Golgi bodies
G ribosomes protein synthesis
(v) Describe the differences between structures G in bacteria and in plants and animals.
ribosomes
ribosomes / G in bacteria are smaller / 70S
than those in plant and animal cells – 80S
(a) (i) nucleus
- (a) (i) nucleus
(ii)
I Name the two molecules found in chromosomes DNA and histone proteins
II A and B are both forms of chromatin. Name these forms A = heterochromatin
B = euchromatin
III Which of A and B contains DNA with active genes? B / euchromatin
(iii) 2. (iv) D = nuclear pores enable passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm (v) E = nucleolus synthesis of rRNA.
(b) (i) infolding of A mesosome
suggested function increase surface area for eg respiration / photosynthesis
(ii) cristae
(c) (i) A vacuole
B tonoplast
(ii) stores water / nutrients / wastes
makes plant cells turgid when full
provides shape to plant cells
(iii) A / vacuole in plant cells is large and permanent
in animal cells vacuoles are small and temporary
(iii) Using letters from the diagram identify which of the structures shown are connective tissues.
(iii) A
D
E
F
G
Explain why the whole biceps is an organ and not a tissue.
(iv) (biceps) contains several tissues working together not just a single tissue
waste Iodine in potassium iodide solution would need to be diluted with a lot of water to bring its concentration to a low level to reduce the risk to the environment and people
gpt
Question 1
(a)
(i) Explanation of why Cell 2 is a eukaryotic plant cell:
Presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. [2]
(ii) Using letters from diagrams:
I: Plasmodesmata (enables communication between cells). [1]
II: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (involved in lipid synthesis). [1]
III: Cristae in mitochondria (increases surface area for biochemical reactions). [1]
IV: Nucleus (contains chromosomes). [1]
V: Circular DNA (prokaryotic feature). [1]
(iii) Differences between Cell 2 and an animal cell:
Presence of chloroplasts in Cell 2 (absent in animal cells). [1]
Presence of a cellulose cell wall in Cell 2 (absent in animal cells). [1]
GPT
Question 2
(a) Table of organelles:
Surrounded by a double membrane: Mitochondria [1]
Produces glycoproteins: Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
Buds off lysosomes: Golgi body [1]
Many found in cells where active transport occurs: Mitochondria [1]
Abundant in lipid-secreting cells: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum [1]
Has ribosomes attached: Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
(b) Venn diagram identification:
X: Viruses [1]
Y: Eukaryotes [1]
Z: Prokaryotes [1]
GPT
Question 3
(a) Microscope used to view tissue:
Transmission electron microscope (high magnification and resolution). [1]
(b) Labeling structures:
X: Cilia [1]
Y: Goblet cells [1]
(c) Function of cells in the trachea:
Cilia beat rhythmically to move mucus and trapped particles. [1]
Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap dust and pathogens. [1]
(d) Actual height of the cell between a and b:
Use magnification and formula: Actual size = Image size / Magnification [2]
(e) Definition of tissue:
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. [2]
GPT
Question 4
(a) Calculation of epu length:
1 stage micrometer division = 10 μm. Calculate using the stage micrometer alignment. [2]
(b) Calculation of cell length and width:
Length = 38 epu × epu size. [1]
Width = 9 epu × epu size. [1]
(a) Organelle controlling cell division:
Centrioles. [1]
(b)
(i) Molecules passing from nucleus to cytoplasm via structure A:
Molecules pass through nuclear pores by diffusion or active transport. [1]
(ii) Function of structure B:
Synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes. [1]
(c) Role of RER, Golgi, and vesicles in enzyme production and secretion:
RER synthesizes enzymes and packages them into vesicles. [1]
Golgi modifies and processes enzymes. [1]
Secretory vesicles transport enzymes to the cell membrane for exocytosis. [1]
(d) Structure C and appearance of different sizes:
Structure C: Lysosomes. [1]
Explanation: Different orientations or stages of budding/merging. [1]
