2 Endocrine System Flashcards
What’s the difference between endocrine, paracrine and autocrine
endocrine releases hormone to blood to distant cell, paracrine releases hormone to nearby cell, autocrine releases hormone and receives same hormone
Which would have a longer half life, peptide hormones or steroid hormones
steroid hormones since they are lipid-soluble (long half life, lipid soluble) and need attachment proteins to protect from plasma
What’s the difference between peptide and steroid hormones
peptide hormones are water soluble, short half life, travel as free hormones. steroid hormones are lipid soluble, long half life, attach to protein
How does ADH affect pee
antidiuretic hormone (anti pee) it increases water retention, thus decreasing pee volume. Also vasopressin, constricts blood vessels
What are the hormones released by the posterior pituitary
(my little blue FAT pig, always oinks) ADH and oxytocin
What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary
(my little blue fat pig, always oinks) melanocyte stimulating, lipotropin, beta endorphins, follicle-stimulating, adrenocorticotropic, thyroid-stimulating, prolactin)
somatostatin also means
growth hormone inhibiting hormone
In thyroid hormone synthesis _(1)__ is in the blood and __(2)__ transported through the follicle cell with ATP into the colloid. Enzymes add iodine to __(3)__ to make T3 & T4. Thyroglobulin is taken back into the cell and enzymes separate T3 & T4 from the protein. Then T3 & T4 bind to __(4)__ because blood is hydrophilic
(1) iodine (2) actively (3) thyroglobulin (4) globulin
What are some Hypothyroidism disorders (little thyroid)
Myxedema (puffy face) & Cretinism (retardation in babies)
What is one hyperthyroidism disorders and explain how lower iodine diet effects it
Grave’s disease (autoimmune disorder). Lower iodine in diet decreases T3/T4. So the hypothalamus releases LOTS of thyroid releasing hormones TRH which goes to anterior pituitary and releases LOTS of thyroid stimulating hormones. The thyroid glands enlarge but b/c no iodine there’s still low T3/T4
zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex releases what
aldosterone which increases water retention
zona fasciculata in the adrenal cortex releases what
cortisol which increases gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis
zona reticularis in the adrenal cortex releases what
androgens
In Islet of Langerhans what are the alpha, beta and delta cells
alpha is glucagon, beta is insulin and delta is somatostatin aka growth hormone inhibition hormone
Insulin is a peptide hormone released by beta cells of the pancreas. what organelle(s) would you expect to be increased in the cytoplasm of beta cells?
rough ER (protein synthesis) and secretory vesicles
