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BS VI, Quiz III > 2. Endocrine Anatomy II > Flashcards

2. Endocrine Anatomy II Flashcards

1
Q

The GONADS

In both sexes, the gonads form prenatally in the ____ layer of the posterior abdominal wall and descend along a cord called the ____

As the gonads descend, they drag their neurovasculature with them

A

extraperitoneal

gubernaculum

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2
Q

The OVARIES descend and stop just below the plane of the ____

A

pelvic inlet

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3
Q

PERITONEUM
Note again how the floor of the peritoneal sac is draped over the ____

The viscera of the
true pelvis, including the ovaries, are ____

A

true pelvic viscera

subperitoneal

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4
Q

The OVARIES

• Lie outside the ____
• Produce ____
• Secrete ____ and
progesterone

Through these hormones, the ovaries
• Influence the cyclic maturation and discharge of the ____
• Influence development and maintenance of the secondary female sex ____ and secondary sexual characteristics of
the female ____
• Establish the requirements for
____ of the embryo and
maintain those necessary for the ____ of embryo and fetus in the uterine cavity until birth

A

peritoneum
ova
estrogen

ova
organs
phenotype
implantation
retention
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5
Q

Like the testis, the ovary descends along an embryonic cord called the ____, concluding its descent at the level of the pelvic inlet

As the ovary descends,
it drags the ____ and ____ outside the peritoneum

A

gubernaculum
ovarian artery
ovarian vein

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6
Q

The ovary itself is surrounded by peritoneum, ensheathed within the posterior
leaf of the ____

The ovarian vessels pass from the posterior abdominal wall to the ovary through a ____

The neurovasculature of the ovary is destined for the ____

A 
broad ligament (mesometrium)
suspensory ligament
ovarian medulla
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7
Q

The ____
and the ____ are the remnants of the gubernaculum, also encased within the broad ligament

The round ligament continues to the ____ and inguinal canal

Note that the Uterine (Fallopian) Tube is also surrounded by peritoneum within the superior aspect of the ____

A

proper ovarian ligament
round ligament of the uterus
deep inguinal ring
broad ligament

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8
Q

The ____ is a reflection of the posterior leaf of the broad ligament, continuous with the peritoneum that intimately invests the ovary

So that when an ovarian follicle matures and
releases an ovum, the overlying peritoneum is torn..

A

mesovarium

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9
Q

The ovarian cortex is occupied by developing ____

Ovulation is regulated by ____ and ____ released by the ____

A

follicles
FSH
LH
adenohypophysis

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10
Q

The OVUM is
released into the ____…

Fortunately, there are two small openings in the floor of the peritoneal sac…

A

peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

…surrounded by
the ____ surrounding the ____ of the Fallopian tube

We may distinguish
____ (within the peritoneal cavity) and ____

A

fimbriated folds
infundibulum

abdominal
tubal ectopic pregnancies

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12
Q

Autonomics from

both divisions of the ANS reach the ovary via the ____

A

suspensory ligament

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13
Q

Lymph from the ovaries drains into the ____

Helps explain why ovarian cancer
is ____

A

para-aortic nodes

cryptic

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14
Q

The TESTES continue their descent through the abdominal wall to enter the ____

A

scrotum

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15
Q

As the testis passes through the abdominal wall, the layers of the deep body wall contribute to the coverings of the ____

A

spermatic cord

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16
Q

COVERNGS OF THE SPERMATIC CORD AND THEIR DERIVATION

INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA (from the ____)

CREMASTER MUSCLE & FASCIA (from ____)

EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA (from the ____)
The cremaster muscle elevates
the testis for ____

A

transversalis fascia
internal oblique
external oblique
thermoregulation

17
Q

With the coverings of the spermatic cord reflected, we see that the contents of the cord suspend the testis within the ____

Notable is the ____

A

scrotal sac

ductus (vas) deferens

18
Q

Structures which are carried along with the testis as it courses through the inguinal canal form the contents of the
SPERMATIC CORD

CONTENTS OF SPERMATIC CORD: 
1. \_\_\_\_
2. Testicular artery
3. \_\_\_\_ 
4. Lymphatics
5. \_\_\_\_
6. Genital branch of the
genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)
A

ductus deferns
pampiniform venous plexus
sympathetics

19
Q

CRYPTORCHIDISM (UNDESCENDED TESTES)

ECTOPIC TESTES

  • ____ INHIBITED
  • ____ TRANSFORMATION
A

spermatogenesis

neoplastic

20
Q

The ____ arises from the tail of the ____, site of tightly convoluted ductules in which ____ mature and acquire the capacity for motility

A

ductus defrens
epididymis
spermatazoa

21
Q

Spermatazoa are produced in the ____ located in the ____ of the testis

A

seminiferous tubules

lobules

22
Q

Release of ____ by the
adenohypophysis
stimulates testosterone production in the interstitial
____ found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules

leydig cells

  • ____
  • dihydrotestosterone
  • ____
A

LH
leydig cells
testosterone
androstenedione

23
Q

Why the Pampiniform venous plexus?

Recall that each
TESTICULAR ARTERY
arises from the
\_\_\_\_
Immediately caudal to the origin of the \_\_\_\_
A

abdominal aorta

renal arteries

24
Q

Note the ____
in the venous drainage
of the testes

A

asymmetry

25
Q

Sympathetics in the deferential plexus are required for ____

A

emission

26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testis and epidydymis follows the testicular vessels to ____ rather than nearby inguinal nodes

A

upper lumbar nodes

27
Q 
Note that the
EPIGASTRIC
VESSELS
are found in the
\_\_\_\_
lying deep to
\_\_\_\_
A

rectus sheath

rectus abdominis

28
Q 
The inferior epigastric vessels contribute
to the
boundaries
of the
\_\_\_\_
A

inguinal (hesselbach’s) triangle

29
Q

The vessels form an important landmark for distinction of ____ vs. ____ INGUINAL HERNIAS

A

indirect

direct

30
Q 
INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA
\_\_\_\_%
Enters the deep ingunal ring \_\_\_\_ to the inferior epigastric artery
Distends the \_\_\_\_ 
Exits the \_\_\_\_

DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA
Protrudes through the wall in the inguinal triangle ____ to the inferior epigastric artery
May or may not exit the ____

A

75
lateral
spermatic cord
superficial ring

medial
superficial ring

31
Q

INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA

Causes include
chronic increased intra-abdominal pressure resulting from:

  • ____
  • Chronic constipation
  • ____
  • Colon cancer
A

chronic cough

prostate enlargement

BS VI, Quiz III (4 decks)

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