2. Endocrine Anatomy II Flashcards
The GONADS
In both sexes, the gonads form prenatally in the ____ layer of the posterior abdominal wall and descend along a cord called the ____
As the gonads descend, they drag their neurovasculature with them
extraperitoneal
gubernaculum
The OVARIES descend and stop just below the plane of the ____
pelvic inlet
PERITONEUM
Note again how the floor of the peritoneal sac is draped over the ____
The viscera of the
true pelvis, including the ovaries, are ____
true pelvic viscera
subperitoneal
The OVARIES
• Lie outside the ____
• Produce ____
• Secrete ____ and
progesterone
Through these hormones, the ovaries
• Influence the cyclic maturation and discharge of the ____
• Influence development and maintenance of the secondary female sex ____ and secondary sexual characteristics of
the female ____
• Establish the requirements for
____ of the embryo and
maintain those necessary for the ____ of embryo and fetus in the uterine cavity until birth
peritoneum
ova
estrogen
ova organs phenotype implantation retention
Like the testis, the ovary descends along an embryonic cord called the ____, concluding its descent at the level of the pelvic inlet
As the ovary descends,
it drags the ____ and ____ outside the peritoneum
gubernaculum
ovarian artery
ovarian vein
The ovary itself is surrounded by peritoneum, ensheathed within the posterior
leaf of the ____
The ovarian vessels pass from the posterior abdominal wall to the ovary through a ____
The neurovasculature of the ovary is destined for the ____
broad ligament (mesometrium) suspensory ligament ovarian medulla
The ____
and the ____ are the remnants of the gubernaculum, also encased within the broad ligament
The round ligament continues to the ____ and inguinal canal
Note that the Uterine (Fallopian) Tube is also surrounded by peritoneum within the superior aspect of the ____
proper ovarian ligament
round ligament of the uterus
deep inguinal ring
broad ligament
The ____ is a reflection of the posterior leaf of the broad ligament, continuous with the peritoneum that intimately invests the ovary
So that when an ovarian follicle matures and
releases an ovum, the overlying peritoneum is torn..
mesovarium
The ovarian cortex is occupied by developing ____
Ovulation is regulated by ____ and ____ released by the ____
follicles
FSH
LH
adenohypophysis
The OVUM is
released into the ____…
Fortunately, there are two small openings in the floor of the peritoneal sac…
peritoneal cavity
…surrounded by
the ____ surrounding the ____ of the Fallopian tube
We may distinguish
____ (within the peritoneal cavity) and ____
fimbriated folds
infundibulum
abdominal
tubal ectopic pregnancies
Autonomics from
both divisions of the ANS reach the ovary via the ____
suspensory ligament
Lymph from the ovaries drains into the ____
Helps explain why ovarian cancer
is ____
para-aortic nodes
cryptic
The TESTES continue their descent through the abdominal wall to enter the ____
scrotum
As the testis passes through the abdominal wall, the layers of the deep body wall contribute to the coverings of the ____
spermatic cord
COVERNGS OF THE SPERMATIC CORD AND THEIR DERIVATION
INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA (from the ____)
CREMASTER MUSCLE & FASCIA (from ____)
EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA (from the ____)
The cremaster muscle elevates
the testis for ____
transversalis fascia
internal oblique
external oblique
thermoregulation
With the coverings of the spermatic cord reflected, we see that the contents of the cord suspend the testis within the ____
Notable is the ____
scrotal sac
ductus (vas) deferens
Structures which are carried along with the testis as it courses through the inguinal canal form the contents of the
SPERMATIC CORD
CONTENTS OF SPERMATIC CORD: 1. \_\_\_\_ 2. Testicular artery 3. \_\_\_\_ 4. Lymphatics 5. \_\_\_\_ 6. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)
ductus deferns
pampiniform venous plexus
sympathetics
CRYPTORCHIDISM (UNDESCENDED TESTES)
ECTOPIC TESTES
- ____ INHIBITED
- ____ TRANSFORMATION
spermatogenesis
neoplastic
The ____ arises from the tail of the ____, site of tightly convoluted ductules in which ____ mature and acquire the capacity for motility
ductus defrens
epididymis
spermatazoa
Spermatazoa are produced in the ____ located in the ____ of the testis
seminiferous tubules
lobules
Release of ____ by the
adenohypophysis
stimulates testosterone production in the interstitial
____ found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules
leydig cells
- ____
- dihydrotestosterone
- ____
LH
leydig cells
testosterone
androstenedione
Why the Pampiniform venous plexus?
Recall that each TESTICULAR ARTERY arises from the \_\_\_\_ Immediately caudal to the origin of the \_\_\_\_
abdominal aorta
renal arteries
Note the ____
in the venous drainage
of the testes
asymmetry
Sympathetics in the deferential plexus are required for ____
emission
Lymphatic drainage of testis and epidydymis follows the testicular vessels to ____ rather than nearby inguinal nodes
upper lumbar nodes
Note that the EPIGASTRIC VESSELS are found in the \_\_\_\_ lying deep to \_\_\_\_
rectus sheath
rectus abdominis
The inferior epigastric vessels contribute to the boundaries of the \_\_\_\_
inguinal (hesselbach’s) triangle
The vessels form an important landmark for distinction of ____ vs. ____ INGUINAL HERNIAS
indirect
direct
INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA \_\_\_\_% Enters the deep ingunal ring \_\_\_\_ to the inferior epigastric artery Distends the \_\_\_\_ Exits the \_\_\_\_
DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA
Protrudes through the wall in the inguinal triangle ____ to the inferior epigastric artery
May or may not exit the ____
75
lateral
spermatic cord
superficial ring
medial
superficial ring
INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA
Causes include
chronic increased intra-abdominal pressure resulting from:
- ____
- Chronic constipation
- ____
- Colon cancer
chronic cough
prostate enlargement
