2: Early Social Skills Flashcards
define: primary intersubjectivity
the first stage of development of social skills, including behaviour like attention to faces, eye contact, produce vocalisations, imitate sounds and gestures.
is primary intersubjectivity triadic?
no - it is dyadic (baby-caregiver or baby-object
is primary subjectivity intentional?
no - as neither the carer or baby understand one another’s intentions
how old is a baby when they start mimicking facial expressions?
newborn
how old is a baby when they start mimicking sounds?
3-4 months
when do babies prefer to look at face-like images?
womb/newborn
when do babies follow gaze if mutual eye contact is made beforehand?
6 months
define: secondary intersubjectivity
the second stage of development of social skills, starts at about 9 months, including behaviour like
- Use of eye contact/pointing to direct another’s attention.
- Consistent use of vocalisation to indicate specific goals.
- Evidence of a child waiting for response.
- Persistence if not understood.
define: turn taking
taking turns during conversations so you aren’t interrupting the person you are communicating with
define: joint attention
triadic interaction involving child, adult and object/event.
give an example of a famous study involving shared attention
visual cliff
At what age do children interact over an object?
9 months
what do joint attention skills predict?
later language skills
How do routines help with language learning?
Caregivers structure routines around the child. Routines create a shared context. The child knows what comes next. Highly repetitive routines provide a scaffold for language learning.
Do twins show faster or slower language learning skills?
slower language development, as they get less primary attention from their caregiver
What are the difference in gaze following between 12 & 14 month olds?
12-month-olds will follow a head turn, even if the person is blindfolded. But, 12-month olds will gaze follow if the partner has their eyes open, but not if the eyes are closed!
14-month-olds will only follow when the eyes are visible
Infants don’t track the gaze specifically until around 18 months
would an infant follow the gaze of someone who looked behind a wall they wouldn’t see over?
yes
what are the 2 types of pointing?
imperative & declarative
define: imperative pointing
pointing to get adults to do something
define: declarative pointing
pointing to direct an adult’s attention to something
what is a criticism of declarative pointing?
infants may learn to point just because they realise they get more attention if they do, not because they’re actively trying to communicate
what is a criticism of imperative pointing?
infants may just learn pointing gets them what they want, not because they want to communicate something in particular
