2: Diversity of cells and their function Flashcards
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nervous tissue
What does epithelium cover?
Surfaces of the body
Linings of tubes, where external meets internal
Glands are an example of which type of tissue?
Epithelium
What type of tissue plays a role in development, growth and homeostasis of tissues?
Connective tissue
via fat, it also plays a role in energy storage
What do muscle cells do?
Generate force through contraction
What is the role of nervous tissue?
Communication between different parts of the body
Epithelial cells are polarised. What are the two surfaces of epithelial cells called?
Apical surface - facing the lumen
Basal surface - facing the basal lamina
What is the basal lamina of an epithelial cell?
Basement membrane - where the epithelial cells are attached to connective tissue
Are epithelial cells vascular?
No - nutrients from capillaries have to diffuse across the basement membrane
What does squamous epithelium look like?
Flat
What does cuboid epithelium look like?
Cube-shaped
What does columnar epithelium look like?
Tall and thin
What is simple epithelium?
One layer
What is stratified epithelium?
2+ layers
What is pseudostratified epithelium?
Looks like 2+ but is actually one layer thick
Apart from covering surfaces, epithelial cells can also serve as ___.
glands
What are the two types of glands?
Endocrine and exocrine
Towards which end of the cells do exocrine glands secrete their products?
Apical
Towards which end of the cells do endocrine cells secrete their products?
Basal
What are some examples of soft connective tissue?
Tendons, ligaments, mesentery
What are some examples of hard connective tissue?
Bone and cartilage
What are the two main constituents of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?
Fibres
Tissue fluid
Ground substance
What are the four main cells of connective tissue?
Fibroblasts (maintain the extracellular matrix)
Adipose cells (store fat)
Osteocytes (bone cells)
Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Joints
Tracheal rings
Epiphyseal growth plates
What is the name given to the hard, outer bone?
Cortical bone
What name is given to the soft, inner bone?
Trabecular bone
What are the three main types of muscle?
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth muscle is (voluntary / involuntary).
involuntary
Why is smooth muscle called smooth?
No striations
Skeletal muscle is (voluntary / involuntary).
voluntary
Skeletal muscle is (multinucleated / single nucleated).
multinucleated
Where are the nuclei of skeletal muscle cells found?
Towards the periphery
Which structures, found in cardiac muscle cells, allow the transmission of electrical impulses between cells?
Intercalated discs
Where are the nuclei of cardiac muscle cells found?
Towards the centre
How many nuclei does a single cardiac muscle cell have?
Just one
go back and look at nerve cells
