2: culture and development Flashcards
what are the 3 components of culture that work together to influence children’s development
- settings
- customs and practices
-caretaker psychology
what are these three components called
the developmental niche
what is included in settings and context
- overall quality of life
- availability of food and other essentials, number of family members, physical and financial security, quality of education and healthcare
what is the impact of poverty on developmental niche in countries
china: poverty= anxiety and depression in kids
Japan: poverty= social exclusion
Uk: poverty= negtavie impact on children’s cognitive development
examples of cultural norms
- roles assigned to children- e.g. traditional muslim countries don’t encourage girls to rough and tumble play
- South African mothers view self soothing behaviours like thumb sucking as wrong
describe the 2 parenting styles
authoritarian: strict, ridgid rules employed. High expectations and low emotional response. Children may grow to respect authority figures, however experience higher levels of anxiety
authoritative: balanced and affective parenting style- high expectaions with warmth and support for the child. considers Childs feelings. Children often have high self-esteem and better academic performance
cognitive development across cultures can be assessed using which psychologists theory of development
Piagets 4 stage theory of cognitive development
sensorimotor and culture
- task performance likely to be universal as it is biologically routed I maturation
- there are minor cultural variations in timing
-timing of certain milestones may be delayed ue to cultural practices e.g. the use of carriers can delay motor development (Dasen et al, 1978) - Kopp et al (1997) socialisation can affect emergence of sensorimotor behaviour
pre operational stage and culture
- language and symbol use- development depends on cultural norms like story telling
- distinguishing appearance from reality depends on learning environment for cognitive saturation. some cultures may have more
- puzzles (logical thinking), story telling (abstract thinking)
concrete operational and culture
children in famring communities may develop conservation earlier than those in urban communities
factors that may lead to cultural differences
- specific ecological demands in different cultures influence cognitive development.
using children’s native language in tasks
familiarity of task material
formal operational and culture
traditional cultures do not display formal operational reasoning when tested using standard western design tasks
absence of formal reasoning in some cultures may reflect differences in cognitive priorities rather than developmental defect (Shea, 1985)
many individuals across cultures do not fully achieve the formal operational stage- challenges Piagets notion that its universal
who is John Bowlby and what did he theorise
developed the foundation of the theory of attachment
described attachment as innate system
strong emotional bonds with caregiver= sense of security and foundation for exploring the world
what is the maternal deprivation hypothesis
prolonged separation of primary caregiver and infant results in emotional and social problems
who is Mary Ainsworth and what did she do
she expanded on bowlbys theory and identified specific attachment theories
